Disaster Medicine

Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Gregory Ciottone, and Associate Editors, Dr. Philip D. Anderson, Dr. Erik Auf Der Heide, Dr. Robert G. Darling, Dr. Irving Jacoby, Dr. Eric Noji, and Dr. Selim Suner, recognized worldwide as authorities in the field, bring you this brand-new reference, which offers comprehensive yet succinct guidance on the preparation, assessment, and management of a full range of disasters, both natural and man-made (including terrorist attacks and the threat of biological warfare). More than 200 contributors carefully outline the basics of disaster management and provide guidance on more than 100 specific disaster situations. Part 1 offers an A to Z source for information on every aspect of disaster medicine and management. Part 2 features an exhaustive compilation of every conceivable disaster event, organized to facilitate fast reference in a real-time setting. The second part of the book also serves as a quick consult on disaster medicine.

• Presents a full range of coverage from the basics of disaster medicine to more advanced concepts, such as tactical EMS, hazard vulnerability analysis, impact of disaster on children, and more.
• Discusses identification of risks, planning of organization and equipment, and education and training.
• Includes individual Concepts and Events sections that provide information on the general approach to disaster medicine and practical information on specific disasters.
• Offers comprehensive coverage of natural disasters, accidental disasters, transportation disasters, and intentional events.
• Includes an exhaustive list of chapters on the conceivable chemical and biologic weapons known today.
• Features a practical chapter organization throughout that covers description of event, pre-incident considerations, post-incident considerations, medical treatment of casualties, unique considerations, pitfalls, case presentations, and suggested reading.
• Discusses the management of future events, or possible scenarios, for which there is no precedent.

Table Of Contents

Part I: Overview of Disaster Management

1. Introduction to Disaster Medicine, Gregory Ciottone

Section One: Introduction

2. Public Health and Disasters, Catherine Y. Lee and James Michael Riley 3. The Role of the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Disaster, Robert D. Furberg and David E. Marcozzi 4. Role of Emergency Medicine in Disaster Management, Andrew I. Bern 5. The Role of Hospitals in Disaster, Mary W. Chaffee and Neill S. Oster 6. Complex Emergencies, Frederick M. Burkle, Jr. and P. Gregg Greenough 7. Children and Disaster, Bruce M. Becker 8. Psychological Impact of Disaster, Tracy E. Wimbush and Christo C. Courban 9. Ethical Issues in the Provision of Emergency Care in Multiple Casualty Incidents and Disasters, Pinchas Halpern and Gregory L. Larkin 10. Liability Issues in Emergency Response, Abigail Williams

Section Two: Governmental Resources

11. Disaster Response in the United States, Jerry L. Mothershead 12. Local Disaster Response, Jerry L. Mothershead 13. Disaster Planning: State Programs and Response, Esther H. Chen, Bruce Y. Lee, and Jerry L. Mothershead 14. Selected Federal Disaster Response Agencies and Capabilities, Jerry L. Mothershead, Kevin Yeskey, and Peter Brewster 15. International Disaster Response, Dan Hanfling, Craig H. Llewellyn, and Frederick M. Burkle, Jr. 16. Disaster/Emergency Management Programs, Peter Brewster

Section Three: Pre-Event Topics

17. Community Hazard Vulnerability Assessment, James C. Chang 18. Health Care Facility Hazard and Vulnerability Analysis, James C. Chang, William Gluckman, and Eric S. Weinstein 19. Public Information Management, Sharon Dilling, William Gluckman, Marc S. Rosenthal, and Eric S. Weinstein 20. Informatics and Telecommunications in Disaster, Churton Budd 21. Disaster Mitigation, Robert M. Gougelet 22. Vaccines, Kent J. Stock 23. Occupational Medicine: An Asset in Time of Crisis, Tee L. Guidotti 24. Worker Health and Safety in Disaster Response, Clifford S. Mitchell, Brian J. Maguire, and Tee L. Guidotti 25. Disaster Preparedness, Mark E. Keim and Paul Giannone 26. Policy Issues in Disaster Preparedness and Response, Eric S. Weinstein 27. Mutual Aid, James Geiling and Kerry Fosher 28. Surge Capacity, Julie Ann P. Casani and Albert J. Romanosky

Section Four (Part One): Event Response Topics

29. Operations and Logistics, David Jaslow 30. The Incident Command System, Alexander Sutingco 31. Scene Safety in Disaster Response, Robert L. Freitas 32. Needs Assessment, Shan W. Liu 33. Disaster Communications, Khama D. Ennis 34. Media Relations, Daniel F. Noltkamper 35. Managing Volunteers and Donations, Andrew M. Milsten 36. Personal Protective Equipment, John L. Hick and Craig D. Thorne 37. Surveillance, P. Gregg Greenough and Frederick M. Burkle, Jr. 38. Management of Mass Fatalities, Nelson Tang and Chayan Dey 39. Disaster Management of Animals, James M. Burke

Section Four (Part Two): Medical Operations in Disasters

40. Urban Search and Rescue, Gregory Ciottone 41. Medical Care in Remote Areas, David E. Marcozzi and Thomas P. LeBosquet III 42. EMS Behind the Barricade, Louis N. Molino, Sr. 43. Triage, Andrew Reisner 44. Patient Tracking Systems in Disasters, Charles Stewart 45. Tactical EMS, Jeffrey C. Metzger and David E. Marcozzi 46. Infectious Disease in a Disaster Zone, Richard A. Tempel and David E. Marcozzi 47. Pharmaceuticals and Medical Equipment in Disasters, Nicki Pesik and Susan E. Gorman

Section Five: Post-Event Topics

48. Displaced Populations, John D. Cahill 49. Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Elizabeth Temin 50. Disaster Education and Research, Kenneth E. Williams, Leo Kobayashi, and Marc J. Shapiro 51. Practical Applications of Disaster Epidemiology, P. Gregg Greenough and Frederick M. Burkle, Jr. 52. Measures of Effectiveness in Disaster Management, Frederick M. Burkle, Jr. and P. Gregg Greenough

Section Six: Topics Unique to Terrorist Events

53. Lessons Learned as a Result of Terrorist Attacks, Mark E. Keim 54. The Psychology of Terrorism, Robert A. Ciottone 55. Medical Intelligence, Mark E. Keim 56. Thinking Outside the Box: Health Service Support Considerations in the Era of Asymmetrical Threats, Pietro D. Marghella and Duane C. Caneva 57. Accidental Versus Intentional Event, Joanne Cono 58. MultiModality, Layered Attack, Nicholas Vincent Cagliuso
59. Operations Security, Site Security, and Incident Response, Paul M. Maniscalco, Paul D. Kim, Stephen F. Hood, Neil A. Commerce, and Jeffrey A. Todd 60. Integration of Law Enforcement and Military Resources with the Emergency Response to a Terrorist Incident, Eric Sergienko 61. Nuclear Disaster Management, George A. Alexander 62. Chemical Attack, Duane C. Caneva 63. Biologic Attack, Andrew W. Artenstein 64. Future Biologic and Chemical Weapons, James M. Madsen and Robert G. Darling 65. Improvised Explosive Devices, Edward B. Lucci 66. Directed-Energy Weapons, M. Kathleen Stewart and Charles Stewart 67. Emergency Department Design, Robert H. Woolard 68. Chemical, Biologic, and Nuclear Quarantine, Patricia A. Nolan 69. Chemical Decontamination, Barbara Vogt and John Sorensen 70. Radiation Decontamination, George A. Alexander

Part II: Management of Specific Event Types

Section Seven: Natural Disasters

71. Introduction to Natural Disasters, Debra D. Schnelle 72. Hurricanes, Cyclones, and Typhoons, Eric Sergienko 73. Earthquake, Bruce M. Becker 74. Tornado, Michael D. Jones and James Pfaff 75. Flood, Sylvia H. Kim 76. Tsunami, Prasanthi Ramanujam and Thea James 77. Heat Wave, Alison Sisitsky 78. Winter Storm, Alison Sisitsky 79. Volcanic Eruption, Gregory Jay 80. Famine, Laura Macnow and Hilarie Cranmer 81. Landslides, Mark E. Keim 82. Avalanche, Jason A. Tracy

Section Eight: Nuclear/Radiation Events

83. Introduction to Nuclear/Radiologic Disasters, Dale M. Molé 84. Ionizing Radiation Incident, Carrie Barton 85. Nuclear Detonation, William E. Dickerson 86. Radiation Accident-Isolated Exposure, Jeanette A. Linder and Lawrence S. Linder 87. Radiation Accident-Dispersed Exposure, Jeanette A. Linder and Lawrence Linder 88. Nuclear Power Plant Meltdown, William Porcaro

Section Nine: Chemical Events

89. Introduction to Chemical Disasters, David Marcozzi 90. Industrial Chemical Disasters, Mark E. Keim 91. Nerve-Agent Attack, David Davis 92. Vesicant-Agent Attack, Lara K. Kulchycki 93. Respiratory-Agent Attack (Toxic Inhalational Injury), Stephen J. Traub 94. Cyanide Attack, Mark E. Keim 95. Antimuscarinic-Agent (BZ) Attack, Fermin Barrueto, Jr., and Lewis S. Nelson 96. LSD, Other Indoles and Phenylethylamine, Fiona E. Gallahue 97. Opioid-Agent Attack, Rick G. Kulkarni 98. Riot Control–Agent Attack, Sam Shen 99. Cholinergic-Agent Attack (Nicotine, Epibatidine, and Anatoxin-A), Sage W. Wiener and Lewis S. Nelson 100. Anesthetic-Agent Attack, Kinjal N. Sethuraman and K. Sophia Dyer

Section Ten: Biologic Events

101. Introduction to Biologic Threats, Andrew S. Nugent and Eric W. Dickson

Section Ten (Part One): Bacterial Agents

102. Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax) Attack, Christo C. Courban 103. Yersinia pestis (Plague) Attack, Jeremiah D. Schuur and Jonathan Harris Valente 104. Francisella tularensis (Tularemia) Attack, Irving Jacoby 105. Brucella species (Brucellosis) Attack, Teriggi J. Ciccone 106. Coxiella burnetii (Q Fever) Attack, Teriggi J. Ciccone 107. Rickettsia prowazekii (Typhus Fever) Attack, Vittorio J. Raho and Jonathan A. Edlow 108. Orientia tsutsugamushi (Scrub Typhus) Attack, Peter B. Smulowitz and Jonathan A. Edlow 109. Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever) Attack, Vittorio J. Raho and Jonathan A. Edlow 110. Vibrio cholerae (Cholera) Attack, Milana Boukhman 111. Shigella dysenteriae (Shigellosis) Attack, Suzanne M. Shepherd, Stephen O. Cunnion, and William H. Shoff 112. Salmonella Species (Salmonellosis) Attack, Sumeru Mehta and C. Crawford Mechem 113. Salmonella typhi (Typhoid Fever) Attack, Lawrence Proano 114. Burkholderia mallei (Glanders) Attack, Mark A. Graber 115. Burkholderia pseudomallei (Melioidosis) Attack, Sean Montgomery 116. Chlamydia psittaci (Psittacosis) Attack, Hans R. House 117. Escherichia coli O157:H7 Attack (Hemorrhagic E. Coli), Roy Karl Werner

Section Ten (Part Two): Viral Agents

118. Viral Encephalitides (Alphaviruses) Attack, Matthew Berkman and Kelly J. Corrigan 119. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Attack, Vittorio J. Raho 120. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Attack: Arenaviruses, Sandra S. Yoon 121. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Attack: Bunya Virus, Sean Michael Siler 122. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Attack: Filo Viruses, William Porcaro 123. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Attack: Flaviviruses, John D. Cahill and James McKinley 124. Chikungunya Virus Attack, Heather Long 125. Variola Major Virus (Smallpox) Attack, Robert G. Darling 126. Influenza Virus Attack, Anna I. Cheh 127. Monkeypox, John D. Malone 128. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Bonnie H. Hartstein and Curtis J. Hunter 129. Hendra and Nipah Virus Attack (Hendra Virus Disease and Nipah Virus Encephalitis), Kelly Corrigan 130. SARS CoV Attack (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), Suzanne M. Shepherd, Stephen O. Cunnion, and William H. Shoff

Section Ten (Part Three): Toxins

131. Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Attack, Robert G. Darling 132. Clostridium botulinum Toxin Attack (Botulism), Gary M. Vilke 133. Clostridium perfringen Toxin (Epsilon Toxin) Attack, L.B. Burnett 134. Marine Toxin Attack, Wende R. Reenstra 135. T-2 Toxin Attack (Trichothecene Mycotoxins), Frederick Fung 136. Ricin Toxin from Ricinus communis Attack (Castor Beans), Angela C. Anderson 137. Aflatoxin Attack (Aspergillus Species), Frederick Fung

Section Ten (Part Four): Other Biologic Agents

138. Coccidioides immitis Attack (Coccidioidomycosis), James F. Martin and Jill A. Grant 139. Histoplasma capsulatum Attack (Histoplamosis), Carol L. Venable and Elizabeth Mitchell 140. Cryptosporidium parvum Attack (Cryptosporidiosis), Miriam John and Carol Sulis

Section Eleven: Events Resulting in Blast Injuries

141. Introduction to Explosions and Blasts, Michael I. Greenberg and Dziwe W. Ntaba 142. Explosions: Conventional, Robert Partridge 143. Explosions: Fireworks, Craig Sisson 144. Suicide Bomber, Jeffry L. Kashuk and Shamai A. Grossman 145. Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices, Michael I. Greenberg, Michael Horowitz, and Rachel Haroz 146. Rocket-Propelled Grenade Attack, Marshall Eidenberg 147. Conventional Explosion at Mass Gathering, Franklin D. Friedman 148. Conventional Explosion at a Hospital, Donald MacMillan 149. Conventional Explosion in High-Rise Building, Ryan Friedberg 150. Conventional Explosion at a Nuclear Power Plant, Michelle McMahon-Downer 151. Tunnel Explosion, Patrick Zelley 152. Liquefied Natural Gas Explosion, Michael I. Greenberg 153. Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Explosion, Jonathan M. Rubin 154. Petroleum Distillation/Processing Facility Explosion, David C. Lee and Henry C. Chang

Section Twelve: Events Resulting in Burn Injuries

155. Introduction to Fires and Burns, Marianne E. Cinat and Victoria M. VanderKam 156. Structure Fire, Deborah Gutman 157. Wilderness/Forest Fire, John Moloney 158. Tunnel Fire, Daniel L. Lemkin and Wade Gaasch

Section Thirteen: Events Resulting in Ballistics Injuries

159. Gunshot Attack: Mass Casualties, Leon D. Sanchez and Jason Imperato 160. Sniper Attack, Jennifer E. DeLaPena and Leon D. Sanchez 161. Grenade and Pipe Bomb Injuries, Charles Stewart

Section Fourteen: Events Associated with Structural Collapse/Crashing/Crushing

162. Introduction to Structural Collapse/Crash/Crush (Crush Injury: Crush Syndrome), Francesco Della Corte, Pier Luigi Ingrassia, Alessandro Geddo, and Francesca Lombardi 163. Train Derailment, J. Scott Goudie 164. Subway Derailment, Jason Dylik and David Marcozzi 165. Bus Accident, Kavita Babu 166. Aircrash Preparedness and Response, Dan Hanfling and Christopher R. Lang 167. Airshow Disaster, Peter D. Panagos 168. Asteroid, Meteoroid, and Spacecraft Re-Entry Accidents, Jay Lemery and Faith Vilas 169. Building Collapse, Catherine Y. Lee and Timothy Davis 170. Bridge Collapse, Laura Diane Melville and Najma Rahman-Kahn 171. Human Stampede, Angela M. Mills and C. Crawford Mechem 172. Mining Accident, Dale M. Molé 173. Submarine/Surface Vessel Accident, Steven T. Cobery and Dale M. Molé

Section Fifteen: Other Events, Combination Events

174. Aircraft Hijacking, Kurt R. Horst 175. Aircraft Crash into a High-Rise Building, Kurt R. Horst 176. Airliner Crash into Nuclear Power Plant, Rick G. Kulkarni 177. Dirty Bomb (Radiological Dispersal Device), George A. Alexander 178. Explosion at a Nuclear Waste Storage Facility, Constance G. Nichols 179. Maritime Disasters, Lucille Gans 180. Cruise Ship Infectious Disease Outbreak, Scott G. Weiner 181. Hostage Taking, Dale M. Molé 182. Civil Unrest and Rioting, Denis J. FitzGerald 183. Massive Power System Failures, M. Kathleen Stewart and Charles Stewart 184. Power Outage: Hospital, Mark C. Restuccia 185. Intentional Contamination of Water Supplies Resulting from Acts of Water Terrorism, Patricia L. Meinhardt 186. Food Supply Contamination, Mark C. Restuccia 187. Mass Gatherings, Katharyn E. Kennedy 188. Ecological Terrorism, George A. Alexander 189. Computer and Electronic Terrorism and EMS Implications, M. Kathleen Stewart and Charles Stewart 190. VIP Care, Lynne Barkley Burnett

Author Information

Editor-in-Chief: Gregory R. Ciottone, MD, FACEP, Director, International Emergency Medicine Section, Harvard Medical School; Director, Division of Disaster Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Associate Editors: Philip D. Anderson, MD; Erik Auf Der Heide, MD, MPH, FACEP; Robert G. Darling, MD, FACEP; Iriving Jacoby, MD; Eric Noji, MD, MPH; Selim Suner, MD, MS, FACEP