Secondary Influences on Neuropsychological Test Performance

About this book

• First single, all-inclusive resource to provide evidence-based guidelines for considering secondary factors in neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions
• Chapters include case studies that illustrate core principles outlined in each chapter
• Designed to be practical and accessible to clinicians, so that the scholarship reviewed can be applied in practice
• Divided into two sections: disorders considered case by case, then the complexities of assessing secondary influences

It has long been appreciated among clinical neuropsychologists that both primary and secondary factors contribute to cognitive dysfunction in neurological patients. Primary influences are the direct result of the extent and location of damage to the brain. Secondary influences stem from something associated with brain injury or disease besides the specific areas of the brain affected. For example, a patient with a neurological disease may develop depression, something which in turn often impacts cognitive functioning. Other secondary factors associated with disease besides depression can also negatively impact cognitive functioning, including anxiety, pain, fatigue, and motor impairments, to name a few.

Despite the widespread appreciation of the importance of such secondary factors on cognitive functioning in clinical neuropsychology, there has never been a single source for this information that is readily available to clinicians and researchers. The present volume provides such a source, using an evidence-based framework comprised of two broad sections. The first section includes chapters that comprehensively address particular secondary influences, independent of any particular neurological disorder. For example, there are chapters on the impact on cognitive functioning of depression, anxiety, fatigue, pain, diagnosis threat, and symptom invalidity. The second section has chapters that focus on specific neurological conditions and the most salient secondary factors that need to be considered in these conditions. Multiple Sclerosis, HIV, Parkinson's Disease, Traumatic Brain Injury, Alzheimer's Disease/MCI/Stroke, and Epilepsy are all considered. The chapters include vivid case studies that illustrate the principles outlined in the chapters to help clinicians consider how such principles can apply to particular patients. Chapters also include evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice. The final chapter highlights some areas especially in need of further research and study that will be of particular interest and importance to clinicians.

Readership: Clinical neuropsychologists, clinical psychologists, graduate students in these fields and in counseling, rehabilitation psychology, and educational psychology

Table of contents

CONTENTS
Contributors
Preface to the National Academy of Neuropsychological Series on Evidence-Based Practices
Preface to the Second Volume in the National Academy of Neuropsychological Series on Evidence-Based Practices
Secondary Influences on Neuropsychological Test Performance
1. Overview. - Peter Arnett, Penn State University

Part I: Relationship of affective disorders, anxiety disorders, fatigue, motor impairments, diagnosis threat, and effort to cognitive functioning
2. Malingering/effort
Kyle Boone and Elizabeth Ziegler
3. Depression and affective disorders: Impact on the level of cognitive functioning
Michael Basso
4. Depression and affective disorders: Impact on the content of cognitive functioning
Bruce Christiansen
5. Anxiety
Colin MacLeod and Pat Clarke
6. Fatigue
John DeLuca and Lauren Strober
7. Pain
Jake Epker and Melissa Ogden
8. Motor Impairments
Peter Arnett, Gray Vargas and Dede Ukueberuwa
9. Diagnosis Threat/Expectation as Etiology
Julie Suhr

Part II: Complexities in assessing depression, anxiety, and fatigue in the context of specific neurological conditions
10. Multiple Sclerosis
Jared Bruce Holly Westervelt, and Joanie Thelen
11. HIV
David Moore, Kaitlin Blackstone, and Steven Paul Woods
12. Parkinson's Disease. Alexander Tröster, Lindsay P. Prizer, and Amber Baxley
13. Traumatic Brain Injury
Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe, Elizabeth Ziegler, and Chad Sanders
14. Alzheimer's Disease/MCI/Stroke
Lloyd Stephen Miller and Antonio Nicholas Puente
15. Epilepsy
Bruce Hermann and David Loring

Part III: Assessment & Treatment of secondary influences, plus final summary chapter
16. Assessing Secondary Influences and Their Impact on Neuropsychological Test Performance
Peter Arnett and Amanda Rabinowitz
17. Summing Things up: Where We Stand, Where We Need to Go From Here
Peter Arnett

Index