Liver Diseases. an Essential Guide for Nurses and Health Care Professionals

Description

Liver disease is a rapidly growing speciality, and nurses and health care professionals need to have the relevant knowledge and skills to care for patients with liver problems in a safe and effective way. Liver Diseases is a comprehensive, evidence-based, practical guide to the nursing care and management of patients with liver disease.
Liver Diseases explores a range of liver conditions, including cirrhosis, portal hypertension, alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson’s disease and acute liver failure. It looks at the anatomy & physiology of the liver, assessment of liver function and diagnostic studies, acute and chronic liver disease, pregnancy related liver disease, liver transplantation and infectious liver diseases. For each condition the epidemiology, complications and nursing management are provided, along with illustrative case studies and further reading. Liver Diseases is an invaluable tool for all nurses and health care professionals working with people with liver disease.

SPECIAL FEATURES

• The first UK book on care of the liver from a nursing and healthcare perspective
• Written by a well-respected and renowned author in the field
• Covers a wide spectrum of liver diseases, with relevant nursing management guidelines
• With case studies, further reading and illustrations throughout

Table of Contents

List of contributors
Foreword
Acknowledgements

1 Anatomy and physiology

• Introduction
• The liver
• Hepatic microstructure
• Carbohydrate metabolism
• Fat metabolism
• Protein metabolism
• Clotting factors
• Storage of vitamins/iron
• Blood cleansing
• Processing of drugs and other xenobiotics
• Excocrine function
• Bilirubin
• Liver cirrhosis/fibrosis
• Chapter summary

2 Assessment of liver function and diagnostic studies

• Introduction
• Patient history
• Signs of liver disease
• Laboratory tests
• Diagnostic studies
• Complications and considerations
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

3 Jaundice

• Introduction
• Classification of jaundice
• Bilirubin formation
• Bile functions
• Diseases of bilirubin metabolism
• Investigations
• Malabsorption
• Gallbladder disease
• Drug-induced jaundice
• Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
• Additional considerations
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

4 Portal hypertension

• Introduction
• Definition
• Causes
• Consequences
• Clinical features
• Investigations
• Management of variceal haemorrhage
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

5 Ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hyponatraemia and hepatorenal failure

• Introduction
• Definition
• Classification
• Pathogenesis of ascites formation
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
• Hyponatraemia
• Hepatorenal syndrome
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

6 Hepatic encephalopathy

• Introduction
• Definition
• Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy
• Classification of hepatic encephalopathy
• Diagnosis and investigations
• Treatment and management of hepatic encephalopathy
• Hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

7 Alcohol-related liver disease

• Introduction
• Incidence
• Metabolism of alcohol
• Pathophysiology
• Clinical features
• Alcoholic hepatitis
• Nursing considerations
• Alcohol-withdrawal therapies and protocols
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

8 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

• Introduction
• Definition
• Disease prevalence
• Risk factors
• Natural history of NAFLD
• Clinical features
• Diagnosis
• Pathogenesis
• Disease management
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

9 Viral hepatitis

• Introduction
• Hepatitis A virus
• Hepatitis E virus
• Hepatitis B virus
• Hepatitis D virus
• Hepatitis C virus
• Hepatitis and HIV co-infection
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

10 Autoimmune hepatitis

• Introduction
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical features
• Classification
• Diagnosis
• Complications
• Variant syndrome
• Treatment
• Pregnancy and autoimmune hepatitis
• Liver transplantation
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

11 Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis

• Introduction
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

12 Metabolic liver disease

• Introduction
• Wilson’s disease
• Haemochromatosis
• Alpha-1-antitryspin deficiency
• Cystic fibrosis
• Porphyria
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

13 Acute liver failure

• Introduction
• Definition
• Aetiology
• Presentation
• Transfer criteria
• Disease management
• Liver transplantation
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

14 Nutrition in liver disease

• Introduction
• Malnutrition and nutritional assessment
• Dietetic management of ascites
• Nutrition in hepatic encephalopathy
• Malabsorption and steatorrhoea
• Diabetes in liver disease
• Osteodystrophy
• Types of nutritional support in chronic liver disease
• Nutritional support in alcoholic liver disease
• Refeeding syndrome
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Post-transplant nutrition
• Chapter summary

15 Drug-induced liver injury

• Introduction
• Mechanisms of hepatotoxicity
• Diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury
• Classification of drug injury
• Commonly used drugs that cause hepatotoxicity
• Herbal remedies for treatment in liver disease
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

16 Pregnancy-related liver disease

• Introduction
• Normal changes during pregnancy
• Liver diseases specific to pregnancy
• Pregnancy in pre-existing liver disease
• Pregnancy post liver transplantation
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

17 Hepatobiliary malignancies

• Introduction
• Definition
• Primary liver cancer
• Bile duct cancer
• Secondary liver cancer
• Diagnosing hepatobiliary malignancy
• Treatment options
• Nursing management
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

18 Liver transplantation

• Introduction
• Indications for liver transplantation
• Pretransplant assessment
• Pretransplant education
• Consent
• Waiting list management
• Allocation of organs
• Liver transplant surgery
• Immunosuppressive therapy
• Graft rejection
• Discharge planning and patient information
• Quality of life following liver transplantation
• Long-term management in the liver recipient
• Chapter summary
• Illustrative case study

Index

Author Information

Suzanne Sargent is a Lecturer Practitioner at the Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital and at Kings College London.