Autoimmune Disorders: Adjuvants and Other Risk Factors In Pathogenesis

List of Contributors vii

Introduction xiii
Abdulla Watad, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, and Yehuda Sheonfeld

1 Hyperstimulation of the Immune System 1
Hadas Hodadov and Abdulla Watad

2 Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA): Genetics, Immunization, and Autoimmunity 7
Carlo Perricone, Elena Bartoloni Bocci, and Roberto Gerli

3 Vaccine Adjuvants: History, Role, Mechanisms of Action, and Side Effects 15
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Abdulla Watad, and Yehuda Shoenfeld

4 Commonly Used Food Additives Are Nutritional Adjuvants in ASIA Syndrome 29
Aaron Lerner and Carina Benzvi

5 Silicone Implant Incompatibility Syndrome 51
Vânia Borba and Yehuda Shoenfeld

7 Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA or Shoenfeld’s Syndrome) Due to Polypropylene Mesh Implants 67
Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert and Mohammed Osman

8 Vaccines, Vaccinosis, and Autoimmunity 85
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Abdulla Watad, and Yehuda Shoenfeld

9 Sustained Immune Activation in ASIA Syndrome – A Bridge to Lymphomagenesis 91
Dana Butnaru

10 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 107
Kassem Sharif

11 Autoantibodies and Autonomic Nervous System 117
Iana Leineman, Varvara Ryabkova, and Natalia Gavrilova

12 Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) as a Part of ASIA Syndrome 129
Paula David

6 Silicone Breast Implants (SBIs) and Autoimmune Dysautonomya 63
Gilad Halpert, Abdulla Watad, Howard Amital, and Yehuda Shoenfeld

13 Role of the Small-fiber Neuropathy in the Pathogenesis of ASIA Syndrome 137
N. Gavrilova, E. Kamaeva, M. Lukashenko, and L. Soprun

14 Tattoo as a Possible Trigger for Autoimmune Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants 147
Paula David

15 The Sick Building Syndrome as a Part of the Autoimmune (Autoinflammatory) Syndrome Induced by Adjuvant 155
Asher Pardo and Eitan Israeli

22 Sjögren’s Syndrome as a Proof of Concept of the Hyperstimulation Syndrome 265
Vânia Borba and Yehuda Shoenfeld

23 Gluteal Biopolymer Injections as a Case of ASIA Syndrome 283
Rojas-Villarraga Adriana, María Alejandra Martínez-Ceballos, Uribe Rosa, and Montealegre Giovanni

16 Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) and ASIA Syndrome 167
Efrosiniia Talalai

17 Vaccinations in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases 181
Isa Seida and Naim Mahroum

18 Autoimmune Phenomena in Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors 191
Milena Tocut, Michael Ehrenfeld, and Gisele Zandman-Goddard

19 Heavy Metals in Autoimmune Diseases: Too Much Noise in Autoimmunity 201
Kassem Sharif and Howard Amital

20 The Role of Bisphenol A in ASIA Syndrome 225
Zora Lazurova

21 Sarcoidosis and Autoimmune Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants: Is There a Connection? 247
Anna Malkova, Yulia Zinchenko, Anna Starshinova, Igor Kudryavtsev, Piotr Yablonskiy, and Yehuda Shoenfeld

24 The Chemical and Social Landscape of the Modern World and Increased Risk of ASIA 305
Albert Pinhasov, Elena Shmerkin, and Michael Kirby

25 Oil Injections and ASIA Syndrome 323
Olga Vera-Lastra, Alberto Ordinola-Navarro, Abihai Lucas Hernández, Gabriela Medina, María P. Cruz-Domínguez, Gabriel M. Ramírez, and Luis J. Jara

26 Metals in Dental Implants as a Trigger of Autoimmunity 337
Arad Dotan and Yehuda Shoenfeld

27 Conclusions: State of the Art and Prospects 341
Abdulla Watad, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, and Yehuda Shoenfeld

Index 345

Autoimmune Disorders is an authoritative reference on the science of autoimmune disorders, covering their causes, including infections, vaccine adjuvants, environmental stimuli, and silicone implants, the latest research on the genetics, epigenetics, and immunology of autoimmunity, predictive markers, therapeutic approaches for treatment and prevention, and suggestions for future research directions.

This book explores the intricate connections between adjuvants and autoimmune responses, focusing on the emergence of the Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA syndrome), as well as autoimmune connections in areas such as chronic fatigue syndrome, autoantibodies targeting the autonomic system, and small fiber neuropathy. The authors emphasize the profound impact of vaccines on public health, underscoring that their benefits far outweigh potential side effects and exploring the historical context of adjuvants in vaccine development. From tattoos to environmental factors, each chapter adds a unique thread to the tapestry of adjuvants, autoimmune responses, and their interactions.

Sample topics covered in Autoimmune Disorders include:

• Food additives and dental implants as a trigger of autoimmunity and increased risk of ASIA syndrome as a result of the chemical and social factors
• Sustained immune activation in ASIA syndrome as a bridge to lymphomagenesis and how immune checkpoints, metals, and bisphenol connect to autoimmunity
• Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia syndrome (POTS), Sick Building syndrome, and Gulf War syndrome (GWS) as parts of ASIA syndrome
• Sarcoidosis and Sjögren’s syndrome as a proof of concept of hyperstimulation syndrome

Autoimmune Disorders is an essential reference on the subject for academics, specialized postgraduate students, and practicing professionals seeking to improve integrated research strategies and foster a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between immunology, public health, and individual well-being.

Abdulla Watad is a specialist in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology at the Sheba Medical Center affiliated with the Tel Aviv University in Israel and a visiting researcher in rheumatology at Leeds University, UK.

Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, MD, PhD, is a specialist in public health, biophysics, and immunology, and is included in the ISI/Clarivate 2023 list of Highly Cited Researchers, as one of the 1% of the world’s top influential researchers and scientists.

Yehuda Shoenfeld is a leader in the field of autoimmunity and founder and head of the Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases in the Sheba Medical Center. He is affiliated with the Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel. His h-index is over 130 and he is an author of over 2000 scientific articles and many textbooks in autoimmunity.