Critical Care Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy in Children

Foreword.- Preface.- Part I. Acute Kidney Injury.- Evolution of Acute Kidney Injury in the last 2 decades.- Renal function monitoring in a critically sick patient.- Acute Kidney Injury-Definitions and Epidemiology.- Biomarkers in AKI.- Neonatal AKI including new devices.- Sepsis Associated AKI.- Acute Kidney Injury in a child after cardiopulmonary.- Bypass, post cardiac surgery and Cardio-renal Syndromes.- Acute Kidney Injury in stem cell transplant recipients.- Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.- Acute Kidney Injury in liver disease.- Renal emergencies in PICU - electrolyte, acid base and blood pressure issues .- Nutrition in a child with Acute Kidney Injury and on CRRT.- Outcomes and Renal Recovery.- Part II. Renal Replacement Therpay.- Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy - Technology and Basic concepts.- Timing of initiation of CRRT.- Management considerations for the delivery of CRRT in children.- Anticoagulation in CRRT.- Haemodialysis.- Sustained Low Efficiency Dialysis (SLED) and hybrid therapies - Principles and Management.- Peritoneal Dialysis.- Plasmapheresis and Total plasma exchange in the PICU.- Tandem Therapies in Extracorporeal support.- Pharmacology of drugs in critically ill patient with AKI and renal replacement therapy.- CRRT nursing programme Development.- Future of Paediatric AKI and CRRT.- Part III. CRRT in Specific Disease States.- CRRT in a child in cardiac ICU.- CRRT in a child with sepsis and multi-organ failure.- Hyperammonaemia and Inborn Errors of metabolism (IEM).- CRRT in Exogenous Intoxications .- CRRT in Liver Failure and other liver assist devices.

This book represents an invaluable resource for professionals for the diagnosis and treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children and how to select and deliver the appropriate form of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Experts from all over the globe have come together to share their wide experience in the field of Critical Care Nephrology in children.

Paediatric critical care nephrology is a complex and highly specialised field, presenting challenges and management strategies that are often quite distinct from those seen in adult practice. Therefore, it is high time to address all the topics in the field of critical care nephrology in children in a unique book which is the first of its kind. This book covers the basics as well as advances in the field of Critical Care Nephrology. Each chapter is dedicated to practical aspects of a particular topic elucidating various management decision points. Each chapter is also accompanied with algorithms, figures and protocols in tabulated format. Information on how to manage specific conditions are contextualized with relevant background anatomy, physiology and biochemistry and practical examples. At the end of the chapter, there are key learning points.

Paediatricians, nephrologists and paediatric intensivists, as well as paediatric critical care and nephrology nurses in all countries will find this book an invaluable reference text.

Dr. Akash Deep is the Director of the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit at King's College Hospital, London. He is also the chair of the Renal / CRRT Section of the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC), and chair of the UK Paediatric Intensive Care Society's Science and Education Committee. Dr. Deep conducts workshops and seminars on AKI and CRRT in various parts of the world. He was the co-chairman of the 8th and 9th International conferences on pediatric CRRT hosted in London and Orlando respectively. He regularly teaches on the winter and summer schools of the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC). ? His main interests include AKI in liver disease and RRT and other liver assist devices in liver failure and he has published on both of these topics extensively.

Dr. Deep is a clinical expert on paediatric sepsis and an advisor for the UK sepsis Trust. He works with a team of national and international experts who collaborate with the UK sepsis Trust, Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and World Federation of Intensive Care.

Dr. Deep is the main author of the widely acclaimed ''Paediatric sepsis toolkit'' for emergency departments, which was launched at the House of Commons in 2015. Dr. Deep offers clinicians involved in its implementation in the UK regular teaching sessions, introducing sepsis pocket cards . He is member of the most prestigious societies and author of several articles and book chapters.

Dr. Stuart L. Goldstein is the Clark D. West Endowed Chair, Director of the Center for Acute Care Nephrology, Medical Director of the Pheresis Service, Co-Medical Director of the Heart Institute Research Core at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

Dr. Goldstein has been an active investigator in the field of pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) since 2000. Dr. Goldstein's main research foci include AKI epidemiology and outcomes, acute renal replacement therapy provision and investigation of novel urinary AKI biomarkers in the pediatric population. Dr. Goldstein has established a strong record of interdisciplinary and inter-institutional collaboration with cardiologists, intensivists and emergency center physicians, which is evidenced by his establishment and directing of the Prospective Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Registry from 2001 to 2012, and the Prospective Pediatric AKI Research Group (ppAKI-RG) in 2012. Dr. Goldstein is also a respected educator; he has developed the only pediatric-specific acute care nephrology sub-specialty fellowship with graduates who are now leaders in the field of pediatric AKI. He is member of the most prestigious societies and has published 200 papers in international journals as well as 30 book chapters.