Introduction to Recreation and Leisure + Study Guide

Part I. Foundations of Recreation and Leisure

Chapter 1. Power, Promise, Potential, and Possibilities of Recreation and Leisure
Ellen O’Sullivan
What If?
Welcome to the World of Recreation and Leisure
Definitions of Play, Recreation, Leisure, and Flow
Recreation and Leisure: Everywhere, Everyone, All the Time
Values and Benefits of Recreation and Leisure
Recreation and Leisure: The Less Desirable Side
Trends in Recreation and Leisure
Recreation and Leisure: A Passion, a Pursuit, a Profession
Moving On

Chapter 2. History of Recreation
M. Rebecca Genoe, Douglas Kennedy, Jerome F. Singleton, Tristan Hopper, and Jill Sturts
Tracing the Roots of Leisure
Development of Recreation in the United States
Development of Recreation in Canada
Current Trends Affecting Recreation and Leisure
Similarities Between Canada and the United States
Summary

Chapter 3. Philosophy and Leisure
Donald J. McLean
Why Does Philosophy Matter?
Metaphysics and Leisure
Epistemology and Leisure
Logic and Leisure
Aesthetics and Leisure
Ethics and Leisure
Contemporary Philosophy of Leisure
Solving Ethical Dilemmas in Leisure Services
Summary

Chapter 4. Leisure and Recreation for Individuals in Society
Juan Tortosa Martínez and Daniel G. Yoder
Leisure as a Complex Social Phenomenon
Similarity and Diversity in Recreation and Leisure
Gender
Sexual Orientation
Ethnicity and Race
Religion
Socioeconomic Status
Benefits and Constraints of Leisure
Good and Bad Leisure and Recreation
Implications for Professionals
Summary

Part II. Leisure and Recreation as a Multifaceted Delivery System

Chapter 5. Leisure Service Delivery Systems
David N. Emanuelson
Private Sector
Private-Sector Leisure Service Delivery Systems
Nonprofit Sector
Nonprofit-Sector Leisure Service Delivery Systems
Public Sector
Municipal Public-Sector Leisure Service Delivery Systems
Professional Preparation for Leisure Service Delivery
Professional Accreditation
Summary

Chapter 6. Parks and Protected Areas in Canada and the United States
Paul F.J. Eagles and Jeffrey C. Hallo
History of Parks in Canada
Park Systems of Canada
History of Parks in the United States
Park Systems of the United States
International Treaties and Protected Area Designations and Parks
Comparing Canada and the United States
Career Opportunities
Challenges and Trends for the 21st Century
Summary

Chapter 7. Public Recreation
PUBLIC PARKS AND RECREATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Susan Markham-Starr and Mary Sara Wells
Historical Overview of Public Recreation in the United States
Historical Overview of Public Recreation in Canada
Delivery Systems in Public Recreation
Partnerships: Connections to the Community
Faces of Public Recreation
Chameleon Profession: Ever Changing Societal Issues and Needs
Political Realities: No Pain, No Gain
Benefits of Recreation
Summary
INCLUSIVE RECREATION
Terry Long
Building Blocks of Inclusion
Defining Inclusion
Specialized Programs

Chapter 8. Nonprofit Sector
Robert F. Ashcraft
Nonprofit Sector in the United States and Canada
Types of National and Community-Based Nonprofit Recreation Organizations
Professionals in Nonprofit Organizations
Challenges and Opportunities for the Future
Summary

Chapter 9. For-Profit Sector: Recreation, Event, and Tourism Enterprises
Robert E. Pfister and Patrick T. Tierney
Attributes of For-Profit Services
RET Industry Model
Considering an RET Career
Trends and Challenges
Summary

Chapter 10. Therapeutic Recreation
Frances Stavola Daly and Robin Kunstler
Defining Therapeutic Recreation
History of Therapeutic Recreation
Therapeutic Recreation Settings and Services
Therapeutic Recreation Practice Models
Therapeutic Recreation Process
Professionalism
Your Future in Therapeutic Recreation
Trends for the 21st Century
Summary

Chapter 11. Unique Groups
CAMPUS RECREATION
Amanda Deml and Tiffany Lundy
History of Campus Recreation
Organizational Structure
Benefits
Career Opportunities
Trends in Campus Recreation
Summary
CORRECTIONAL RECREATION
Timothy Baghurst and Tyler Tapps
Introduction to the Correctional System
Types of Correction
Historical and Philosophical Foundations of Correctional Recreation
Recreation Programming
Correctional Recreation Professionals
Trends and Issues
Summary
FAITH-BASED RECREATION
John Byl and David Kahan
Differences Within Faith Traditions
Differences Among Faith Traditions
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam and the National Recreation and Park Association Pillars Employment in Faith-Based Recreation
Summary
WORKSITE RECREATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION
Janet M. Bartnik and Jeffrey Ferguson
Corporate Wellness and Health Promotion
History of Worksite Wellness
Community Health, Population Health, and Individual Health
Benefits of Corporate Wellness and Health Promotion Programs
Wellness and Health Promotion Program Planning and Operation
Wellness and Health Promotion: Other Program Types
Impacts of Recent Legislation
Career Preparation
Summary
RECREATION IN THE ARMED FORCES
Ryan Cane and Diane Blankenship
History
Military Versus Civilian Recreation
U.S. Armed Forces
Canadian Armed Forces
Military Recreation Program Areas
Employment Opportunities
Summary

Chapter 12. Leisure and Recreation Across the Life Span
Tyler Tapps and Timothy Baghurst
Leisure Functions Across the Life Span
Infancy
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Generation Effect
Summary

Part III. Delivering Recreation and Leisure Services

Chapter 13. Program Delivery System
Diane C. Blankenship
Program Delivery History
Mission and Outcomes
Leadership Within the Program Delivery System
Program Classification
Program Formats
Summary

Chapter 14. Recreational Sport Management
H. Joey Gray and Robert J. Barcelona
Examining Sport Management From a Recreational Perspective
Defining Recreational Sport
Five Programming Areas of Recreational Sport Management
Scope of Participation in Recreational Sport
Trends in Recreational Sport Management
International Participation in Recreational Sport
Career Opportunities
Summary

Chapter 15. Health, Wellness, and Quality of Life
Matthew Symonds, Rhonda Cross Beemer, and Terrance Robertson
Personal Health
The Wellness Perspective
Quality of Life, Health, and Healthy Communities
History in the Making: Healthy Communities
Career Opportunities
Summary

Chapter 16. Outdoor and Adventure Recreation
Bruce Martin, Garrett Hutson, and Marni Goldenberg
Definitions of Outdoor and Adventure Recreation Terms
History of Outdoor and Adventure Recreation in Canada and the United States
Settings and Delivery Systems
Contemporary Trends and Issues in Outdoor and Adventure Recreation
Summary

Chapter 17. Arts and Culture
Julie Voelker-Morris
Types of Arts and Cultural Experiences in Recreation and Leisure
Types of Organizations and Roles Available
Participation in Arts and Culture Activities
Benefits of Arts and Cultural Recreation Opportunities
Contemporary Trends for Recreation Professionals Who Implement Arts and Culture Activities
Summary

Chapter 18. The Nature of Recreation and Leisure as a Profession
Denise M. Anderson and Tracy L. Mainieri
Value of the Profession and Benefits to the Professional
Characteristics of the Recreation and Leisure Services Profession
Nature of the Profession
Career Planning
Career Positioning: A Nine-Step Process
Changes in the Field: Responding to an Ever-Changing World
Summary

Chapter 19. International Perspectives on Recreation and Leisure
INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: SUSTAINABILITY AND ECOTOURISM
Richard R. Jurin and Diane Gaede
Sustainability
International Overview
International Organizations
Ecotourism and Nature Travel
Recreation, Tourism, and Leisure Development and Advocacy
Summary
RECREATION AND LEISURE IN BRAZIL
Arianne C. Reis and Alcyane Marinho
Historical Development of Recreation and Leisure in Brazil
Types of Sectors, Segments, and Services
Trends, Demand and Future Growth
Summary
RECREATION AND LEISURE IN CHINA
Jinyang Deng and Huimei Liu
A Brief History of China’s Leisure Development
Recreation Opportunities in China
Challenges and Trends for the Future
Summary
RECREATION IN NIGERIA
Franz U. Atare and Felicia S. Ekpu
Historical Development of Recreation and Leisure in Nigeria
Settings, Organization, and Structures
Diverse Populations and Their Interests
Challenges, Issues, and Trends
Summary

References
Glossary
Index
About the Editors
About the Contributors

Introduction to Recreation and Leisure, Third Edition, gives students a broad view of the field, offering them a solid foundation for understanding the industry they plan to enter upon graduation.

Students learn from the perspectives of 52 leading professors, professionals, and emerging scholars from the United States, Canada, Brazil, China, and around the globe. Led by new editors, Tyler Tapps and Mary Sara Wells, these experts introduce recreation and leisure foundational concepts, delivery systems, and programming services. Students benefit from the diversity of perspectives and viewpoints from around the world as they learn about the similarities and differences in the industry from an international perspective.

The following are new to this edition:

• New editors and contributors from around the world, including emerging scholars
• Updated data throughout the book
• New chapter sections
• An expanded chapter on international perspectives on sustainability and ecotourism
• Real-world connections to recreation and leisure theories that help students consider career options
• A web study guide with On the Job learning activities, a glossary, chapter overviews, article summaries, and recommendations of websites to explore

A Strong Foundational Overview
Introduction to Recreation and Leisure grounds students in the historical, philosophical, and social aspects of the industry. The authors offer fresh insights into community parks and recreation departments, nonprofit organizations, and commercial recreation and ecotourism enterprises. Students learn about various enriching educational programs and services for people of all ages.

“The text encompasses a variety of services, including recreational sport management, outdoor and adventure recreation, health and wellness, and arts and culture,” says Tapps. “It also exposes students to career options and supports them as they explore their interests and prepare for challenging careers in the industry.”

Text Contents
The book is organized into three parts. In part I, students learn about the foundations of recreation and leisure, including the historical, philosophical, and social issues that have shaped the field. Part II explores various sectors of the field, including leisure service delivery systems, public recreation, the nonprofit sector, the for-profit sector (such as event and ecotourism enterprises), and therapeutic recreation, among others. Part III focuses on the programming of recreation and leisure services, including program delivery systems, recreational sport management, outdoor and adventure recreation, the nature of recreation and leisure as a profession, and more.

Each chapter includes learning objectives that highlight the chapter’s important concepts, as well as an Outstanding Graduates feature that introduces former students who have gone on to successful careers in the field. A glossary of important terms is included in the web study guide, which is part of the ancillary package.

Ancillaries
The text is supported by an instructor guide, a test package, a PowerPoint presentation package, and a web study guide that contains chapter summaries and learning experiences. These resources make it easier for instructors to prepare for and manage their courses, and they help students retain what they learn from the text.

Guidance for Students Making Career Choices
This fully updated text, with its insights and perspectives from top professionals and professors from around the globe, opens up the world of recreation and leisure for students, offering them vital information that will help them make informed choices as they move forward in pursuit of careers in this growing field. With its cutting-edge view of recreation and leisure services, Introduction to Recreation and Leisure prepares students for success in the field of recreation and leisure.

Tyler Tapps, PhD, is an assistant professor at Northwest Missouri State University. He received his PhD in health, leisure, and human performance from Oklahoma State University in 2009. In 2015, he was certified as a park and recreation professional by the National Recreation and Park Association, from which he also received the Robert W. Crawford Young Professional Award. He also was awarded the Charles Adam Esslinger Outdoor Recreation Fellowship. Tapps is a military veteran with recreation programming experience in the military. He is a member of the Academy of Leisure Sciences board and is the president of the Leisure Educators section of Missouri Park and Recreation Association. He is also the chair of the Academy of Leisure Science’s Future Scholars program. Tapps enjoys running, working out, boating, and spending time with his wife and two sons.

Mary Sara Wells, PhD, is an associate professor in the University of Utah’s department of parks, recreation, and tourism. She teaches courses in youth development, community recreation, and sport management.

Since 2004, Wells has researched sportsmanship issues in youth sport. She has published her research in numerous journals, presented at several national and international conferences, and conducted trainings and evaluations for multiple municipal youth sport agencies across the country.