Bladder Pathology

Preface vii

1 Normal Anatomy and Histology 1

2 Inflammatory and Infectious Conditions 19

3 Urothelial Metaplasia and Hyperplasia 47

4 Polyps and Other Nonneoplastic Benign Conditions 75

5 Benign Epithelial Tumors 91

6 Flat Urothelial Lesions with Atypia and Urothelial Dysplasia 105

7 Urothelial Carcinoma In Situ 121

8 Bladder Cancer: General Features 147

9 Classification and Grading of Bladder Cancer 175

10 Stage pT1 Urothelial Carcinoma 209

11 Staging of Bladder Cancer 241

12 Histological Variants (Subtypes) of Urothelial Carcinoma 263

13 Bladder Tumors with Inverted Growth 311

14 Bladder Carcinoma in Specific Clinical Setting 329

15 Sarcomatoid Carcinoma (Carcinosarcoma) 345

16 Adenocarcinoma and Its Putative Precursors and Variants 373

17 Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Other Squamous Lesions 397

18 Neuroendocrine Tumors 415

19 Handling and Reporting of Bladder Specimens 449

20 Congenital Disorders and Pediatric Neoplasms 473

21 Soft Tissue Tumors 497

22 Lymphoid and Hematopoietic Tumors 537

23 Other Rare Tumors 547

24 Secondary Tumors 561

25 Treatment Effects 573

26 Pathology of the Urachus 595

27 Pathology of Renal Pelvis, Ureter, and Urethra 611

28 Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry 649

29 Tissue- Based Biomarkers for Prognosis and to Guide Therapy for Bladder Cancer 679

30 Molecular Pathology of Bladder Cancer 717

31 Molecular Determinants for Tumor Prognosis and Targeted Therapy 761

32 Urine- Based Biomarkers 787

33 Evaluation of Hematuria and Urinalysis 819

34 Urinary Cytology 829

Index 857

Understand and diagnose pathologies of the bladder with this essential reference

With emphasis on the scientific validation of current diagnostic methods and their direct application in clinical practice, Bladder Pathology is a cutting-edge resource that offers contemporary, comprehensive, and evidence-based practice information for pathologists, urologists, oncologists, and other medical professionals.

Readers of the second edition of Bladder Pathology will also find:

• Detailed discussion of bladder anatomy, benign and malignant conditions, treatment effects, and much more
• An evidence-based approach to diagnosis and patient management in specific clinical settings
• Over one thousand lavish color illustrations to aid in diagnosis and treatment planning

Fully updated to reflect the latest research and evidence,

Liang Cheng, MD, MS, is Professor and Vice Chair of Pathology, Professor of Surgery/Urology, Director of Anatomic Pathology, Director of Molecular Pathology in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School and Brown University Health, Providence, Rhode Island. He also serves as the Associate Director of the Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University. Dr. Cheng has published over 1,200 peer-reviewed SCI articles (h-index: 133) in high-impact scientific journals. He has been honored with prestigious awards, including the Arthur Purdy Stout Annual Award from the Society of Surgical Pathologists for his outstanding contributions to surgical pathology and the Koss Medal Award from the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) for lifetime achievement in urological pathology. Dr. Cheng is the incoming President (2025-2027) of the International Society of Urological Pathology.

Antonio Lopez-Beltran, MD, PhD, is Professor of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Cordoba University Medical School, Cordoba, Spain. Antonio’s work is centered in genitourinary tumor pathology with emphasis on pathology of the urinary bladder. He is Past Chairman of the European Section of Uropathology of the European Association of Urology and Past Chairman of the Uropathology Working Group of the European Society of Pathology. He serves on the editorial boards of several international pathology journals.

Rodolfo Montironi, MD, IFCAP, is Professor of Anatomic Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cell Therapy Foundation, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Italy. Rodolfo’s work is centered in genitourinary tumor pathology. He is a Past President of the International Society of Urological Pathology. He serves on the editorial boards of several international pathology and urology journals, including European Urology.