Error and Uncertainty in Diagnostic Radiology

Introduction
Acknowledgements
Foreword (Mark Graber, M.D.)
Foreword (Stuart Firestein, Ph.D.)
Chapter 1 - Uncertainty and Interpretive Error
Chapter 2 - Taxonomy and Epidemiology of Error
Chapter 3 - Error and Accountability
Chapter 4 - Visual and Perceptual Science and Radiology
Chapter 5 - Reducing Error in Radiology
Chapter 6 - Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Radiology
Epilogue
For Further Reading
Index

Over the past decade, radiological imaging tests - including CT scanning, MRI, PET, X-rays, ultrasound, fluoroscopy and other modalities - have become essential to the routine diagnostic process. While these modern advanced medical images and their striking anatomic detail have discovered underlying issues, they have also contributed to a false impression of infallibility. Unlike other straightforward diagnostic tests, such as the EKG or blood chemistry panel, radiological imaging tests are highly variable and complex, often yielding uncertain results, as well as frequent false-negatives and false-positives. The experts who interpret the images (the diagnostic radiologists) sometimes make mistakes: the practice of diagnostic radiology is a fallible, human endeavour, one involving complex perceptual, neuro-physiological and cognitive processes employed under a wide range of circumstances, and with a great deal of variability.

Error and Uncertainty in Diagnostic Radiology opens the 'black box,' of medical imaging, exposing the remarkable inner workings of the process of diagnostic radiology-including how and why it can sometimes go tragically wrong. The occurrence of radiological error is shown to be fundamentally intertwined with the underlying high level of uncertainty known to be present in the diagnostic process. As a foremost expert on radiology quality and safety, Dr. Bruno provides insight into the various types of radiologist error, along with a conceptual framework for understanding error and uncertainty in radiology, leading to practical strategies for error prevention and for reducing the risk of harm to patients when errors inevitably occur. 

This book is essential for radiologists, members of the Society to Improve Diagnosis in Medicine, emergency physicians, medical educators, medical and hospice administrators, especially quality and safety officers, as well as malpractice insurance carriers.

• The first book to directly address the topic of radiologists' errors
• Provides an overview of the issue of accountability for error, including the "Just Culture" concept
• Gives a historical perspective into the issue of diagnostic error in radiology
• Explains how artificial intelligence and computer learning methods can lead to practical improvements in radiologist performance in the future

Michael A. Bruno, MD is Professor of Radiology and Medicine and Vice Chair for Quality and Patient Safety at The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania