Alcohol and Alcohol-Related Diseases

Part I. Alcohol Consumption: Epidemiology, Policies and Legal Aspects
1. Alcohol and Alcohol-Related Diseases: An Introduction to the Book
2. Epidemiology of Alcohol and Opioids
3. Epidemiology of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease in Europe
4. Epidemiology of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease in Romania
5. Epidemiology of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease in China
6. Epidemiology of Alcohol-Related Disease in Russia
7. Alcohol and Mortality: First Preliminary Lessons from a Prospective 15 Year Follow-Up Study
8. Legal Aspects of Alcohol Intake: A Romanian perspective
9. COVID-19 and Alcohol Use Disorder
10. The Principles of Policies to Reduce the Burden of Liver Disease
Part II. Alcohol Addiction: Introduction and Diagnosis
11. Medical Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Multidisciplinary Approach
12. Diagnosis of Alcohol Use Disorder and Identification of Unhealthy Alcohol Consumption
13. State Markers of Alcohol Use and Their Application
14. Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment
Part III. Treatment of Alcohol Addiction
15. Evidence-Based Behavioral Treatments
16. Approved, Promising, and Experimental Medications for Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder
17. Comorbidity of Alcohol Use Disorders with Substance Use Disorders and Psychiatric Disorders
18. Treatment of Adolescents
19. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Addiction Therapies
20. The Clinical Benefits of Non-abstinent Outcomes in Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment: Evidence from Clinical Trials and Treatment Implications
21. Laboratory Based Approaches to Medications Development for Alcohol Addiction
22. Emergency Room: Acute Alcohol Intoxication and Other Alcohol-Related Acute Problems Including Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Part IV. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)
23. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Introduction
24. Image Analysis of Neurofacial Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
25. “From Surviving to Thriving”: A Focused Review of Interventions for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders to Guide a Shift Toward Strengths-Based Intervention Development
Part V. Structural and Functional Central Nervous System Pathology in Alcohol Addiction
26. Structural and Functional Imaging of Alcohol’s Effects on the Brain
27. Brain Microstructure in Alcohol Addiction: Characterization of Diffusion-Based MRI Biomarkers, Neuropathological Substrates, and Functional Consequences
28. Determinants of Risk Developmental Trajectories for Risky and Harmful Alcohol Use: Lessons from the IMAGEN Consortium
29. Impulsivity and Alcohol Use Disorder
30. Brain-Immune Mechanisms in Alcohol Use Disorder Targeting Neuroimmune Signaling in Alcohol Use Disorder: Opportunities for Translation
31. Brain Alterations and Cognitive Deficits Induced by Alcohol Use Disorder
Part VI. Risk Factors for Alcohol Addiction and Lessons from Basic Science
32. The Genetics of Alcohol Use Disorder
33. Alcohol Responses as Phenotypic Markers of AUD Risk: Lessons from Longitudinal Studies
34. Early Life Adversity as a Risk Factor for Alcohol Use Disorder
35. Animals Models Used to Study Alcohol Use Disorder
36. Alcohol Use Disorder: Stress, Negative Reinforcement, and Negative Urgency
Part VII. Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: Diagnosis
37. Laboratory Parameters in Heavy Drinkers
38. Histology of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
39. Non-invasive Fibrosis Assessment in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
40. Noninvasive Biomarker Screening and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease in the General Population
41. Evidence for Red Blood Cell-Derived Aspartate Aminotransferase in Heavy Drinkers
42. Fibrosis Screening of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease Based on Elastography
Part VIII. Medical Aspects of Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
43. Portal Hypertension in ALD
44. The Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Inflammatory Bowel Disease
45. Coagulation Disorders in Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Cirrhosis
46. Hepato-Renal Syndrome in Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
47. Acute Liver Failure Due to Alcohol Intoxication—Therapeutic Options
48. Management of Acute Alcohol Withdrawal
Part IX. Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
49. Pathophysiology of Ethanol and Unexplained Observations
50. Ethanol Metabolism
51. Modulation of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease by Obesity and Diabetes
52. The Genetics of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
53. Mechanisms of Alcohol-Related Liver Cirrhosis
54. Alcoholic Fibrosis/Cirrhosis and Its Reversibility
55. Alterations in Methionine Metabolic Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
56. Mitochondria and Alcohol
57. Hepatic Iron Overload in Heavy Drinkers: Molecular Mechanisms and Relation to Hemolysis and Enhanced Red Blood Cell Turnover
58. Ethanol-Mediated Bone Marrow Toxicity and Impaired Erythropoiesis: Implications for Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
59. The “Matrisome” and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
60. MicroRNAs and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
61. Intestinal Barrier and Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) in the Development and Therapy of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
62. Microbiota and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
63. Alcohol Potentiates HIV-Induced Hepatotoxicity Via Induction of Lysosomal Damage in Hepatocytes
Part X. Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis
64. Pathophysiology of Alcoholic Hepatitis: Emerging Role of Enhanced Red Blood Cell Turnover
65. Diagnosis and Staging of Disease-Severity in Symptomatic Alcoholic Hepatitis
66. Management of Severe Forms of Alcoholic Hepatitis
67. Mechanisms of Recovery from and Strategies for Survival of Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis and ACLF
68. The Role of Liver Biopsy and Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient in the Prognosis of Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis
Part XI. Alcohol-Related Damage of Other Organs
69. Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue: Targets or Relays for Interorgan Axis in Alcohol-Induced Tissue Injury?
70. Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy: Pathogenic Aspects
71. Ethanol and Heart Failure: A Clinical Perspective
72. Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Part XII. Alcohol and Cancer
73. Mechanisms of Alcohol-Mediated Cancer
74. Alcohol and Cancer: The Epidemiological Evidence
75. Alcohol-Related Cancers of the Esophagus, Head and Neck, and Stomach in East Asians
Part XIII. Center Experiences for the Interdisciplinary Management of Alcohol Use Disorders
76. Model for Secondary Health Care Alcohol Services: Optimising the Response to Alcohol Use Disorders in Acute Hospitals
77. An Interdisciplinary Approach to Alcohol Use Disorders: What Hepatologists Can Do in a Resource-Limited Setting

Alcohol is one of the major risk factors for negative health outcomes worldwide. It accounts for more than 60 alcohol-related diseases, ranging from addiction, through liver cirrhosis, to cancer. Collectively, these conditions account for mortality and morbidity that make alcohol use one of the leading preventable causes of disability adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost globally. In this book, an international faculty covers all aspects of alcohol-related disorders, ranging from addiction/alcohol use disorders (AUD) to alcohol-related diseases of other organs such as liver, heart or cancer. A special focus is to reach out to primary care physicians who are in the front line of this major health problem. The book also provides an update for addiction specialists, as well as specialists in internal medicine, gastroenterology and hepatology. The book is divided into sections that include epidemiology, alcohol use disorders and addiction, alcohol-related liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, primary care and interdisciplinary approaches and other alcohol-related diseases. Besides current diagnostic measures and treatment strategies, the book deals with the many underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms of alcohol toxicity. Novel insights include prospective data on all-cause mortality and the emerging major role of alcohol-mediated hemolysis and enhanced red blood cell turnover. The book also aims at guiding policy makers to handle the topic of alcohol in our society more responsibly.