The Liver. Biology and Pathobiology

Dedication

 

List of Contributors

 

Preface

 

Acknowledgments

 

Part One: Introduction

 

1 Organizational Principles of the Liver

Peter Nagy, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson, Joe W. Grisham

 

2 Embryonic Development of the Liver

Kenneth S. Zaret, Roque Bort, Stephen A. Duncan

 

Part Two: The Cells

 

Section A: Cell Biology of the Liver

 

3 Cytoskeletal Motors: Structure and Function in Hepatocytes
Mukesh Kumar, Arnab Gupta, Roop Mallik

 

4 Hepatocyte Surface Polarity

Anne Muesch, Irwin Arias

 

5 Primary Cilia

Carolyn M. Ott

 

6 Endocytosis in Liver Function and Pathology

Micah B. Schott, Barbara Schroeder, Mark A. McNiven

 

7 The Hepatocellular Secretory Pathway

Catherine Jackson, Mark A. McNiven

 

8 Mitochondrial Function, Dynamics, and Quality Control

Marc Liesa, Ilan Benador, Nathanael Miller, Orian S. Shirihai

 

9 Nuclear Pore Complex

Michelle A. Veronin, Joseph S. Glavy

 

10 Protein Maturation and Processing at the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ramanujan S. Hegde

 

11 Protein Degradation and the Lysosomal System

Susmita Kaushik, Ana Maria Cuervo

 

12 Peroxisome Assembly, Degradation, and Disease

Rong Hua, Peter K. Kim

 

13 Organelle–Organelle Contacts: Origins and Functions

Uri Manor

 

14 Gap and Tight Junctions in Liver: Structure, Function and Pathology

John W. Murray, David C. Spray

 

15 Ribosome Assembly and its Role in Cell Growth and Proliferation in the Liver

Katherine I. Farley-Barnes, Susan J. Baserga

 

16 miRNAs and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Yusuke Yamamoto, Isaku Kohama, Takahiro Ochiya

 

17 Hepatocyte Apoptosis: Mechanisms and relevance in liver diseases

Gregory J. Gores, Harmeet Malhi

 

Section B: The Hepatocyte

 

18 Copper Metabolism and the Liver\

Cynthia Abou Zeid, Ling Yi, Stephen G. Kaler

 

19 The Central Role of the Liver in Iron Storage and Regulation of Systemic Iron Homeostasis

Tracey A. Rouault, Victor Gordeuk, Gregory J. Anderson

 

20 Disorders of Bilirubin Metabolism

Namita Roy Chowdhury, Yanfeng Li, Jayanta Roy Chowdhury

 

21 Hepatic Lipid Droplets in Liver Function and Disease

Douglas G. Mashek, Wenqi Cui, Linshan Shang, Charles P. Najt

 

22 Lipoprotein Metabolism and Cholesterol Balance

Mariana Acuña-Aravena, David E. Cohen

 

Section C: Transporters, Bile Acids, and Cholestasis

 

23 Bile Acids Metabolism in Health and Disease: An update

Tiangang Li, John Y. L. Chiang

 

24 TGR5 (GPBAR1) in the Liver

Verena Keitel, Christoph G.W. Gertzen, Lina Spomer, Holger Gohlke, Dieter Häussinger

 

25 Bile Acids as Signaling Molecules

Thierry Claudel, Michael Trauner

 

26 Hepatic Adenosine Triphosphate-Dependent (ABC) Transporters and Their Role in Physiology

Peter L.M. Jansen

 

27 Basolateral Plasma Membrane Organic Anion Transporters

M. Sawkat Anwer, Allan W. Wolkoff

 

28 Hepatic Nuclear Receptors

Raymond E. Soccio

 

29 Molecular Cholestasis

Paul Gissen, Richard J. Thompson

 

30 Pathophysiologic Basis for Alternative Therapies for Cholestasis

Claudia D. Fuchs, Emina Halilbasic, Michael Trauner

 

31 Adaptive Regulation of Hepatocyte Transporters in Cholestasis

James L. Boyer

 

Section D: Non-Hepatocyte Cells

 

32 Cholangiocyte Biology and Pathobiology

Massimiliano Cadamuro, Romina Fiorotto, Mario Strazzabosco

 

33 Polycystic Liver Diseases: Genetics, Mechanisms, and Therapies

Tatyana Masyuk, Anatoliy Masyuk, Nicholas LaRusso

 

34 The Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell: Basic Biology and Pathobiology

Karen K. Sørensen, Bård Smedsrød

 

35 Fenestrations in the Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell

Victoria C Cogger, Nicholas J Hunt, David G Le Couteur

 

36 Stellate Cells and Fibrosis

Youngmin A. Lee, Scott L. Friedman

 

Part 3: Functions of the Liver

 

Section A: Metabolic Functions

 

37 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance

Max C. Petersen, Varman T. Samuel, Kitt Falk Petersen, Gerald I. Shulman

 

38 AMPK: Central regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism and target of type 2 diabetes therapeutics

Daniel Garcia, Maria M. Mihaylova, Reuben J. Shaw

 

39 Insulin-mediated PI3K and AKT Signaling

Jeffrey E. Pessin, Hyokjoon Kwon

 

40 Ca2+ Signaling in the Liver

Mateus T. Guerra, M. Fatima Leite, Michael H. Nathanson

 

41 Clinical Genomics of NAFLD

Frank Lammert

 

Section B: Liver Growth and Regeneration

 

42 Stem Cell-Fueled Maturational Lineages in Hepatic and Pancreatic Organogenesis

Wencheng Zhang, Amanda Allen, Eliane Wauthier, Xianwen Yi, Homayoun Hani, Praveen Sethupathy, David

Gerber, Vincenzo Cardinale, Guido Carpino, Juan Dominguez-Bendala, Giacomo Lanzoni, Domenico Alvaro,

Eugenio Gaudio, Lola Reid

 

43 Developmental Morphogens and Adult Liver Repair

 Mariana Machado, Anna Mae Diehl

 

44 Liver Repopulation by Cell Transplantation and the Role of Stem Cells in Liver Biology

David A. Shafritz, Markus Grompe

 

45 Liver Regeneration

George K. Michalopoulos

 

46 β-Catenin Signaling

Satdarshan P. S. Monga

 

47 Polyploidy in Liver Function, Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cancer

Evan R. Delgado, Elizabeth C. Stahl, Nairita Roy, Patrick D. Wilkinson, Andrew W. Duncan

 

Part 4: Pathobiology of Liver Disease

 

48 Hepatic Encephalopathy

Roger F. Butterworth

 

49 The Kidney in Liver Disease

Moshe Levi, Shogo Takahashi, Xiaoxin X. Wang, Marilyn E. Levi

 

50 Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

David A. Rudnick, David H. Perlmutter

 

51 Pathophysiology of Portal Hypertension

Roberto J. Groszman, Yasuko Iwakiri

 

52 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Mechanisms and treatment

Yaron Rotman, Devika Kapuria

 

53 Alcoholic Liver Disease

Bin Gao, Xiaogang Xiang, Lorenzo Leggio, George F. Koob

 

54 Drug-induced Liver Injury

Lily Dara, Neil Kaplowitz

 

55 Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Liver

John J. Lemasters, Hartmut Jaeschke

 

56 The Role of Bile Acid-mediated Inflammation in Cholestatic Liver Injury

Shi-Ying Cai, Man Li, James L. Boyer

 

57 Toll-like Receptors in Liver Disease

So Yeon Kim, Ekihiro Seki

 

Part 5: Liver Cancer

 

58 Experimental Models of Liver Cancer: Genomic assessment of experimental models

Sun Young Yim, Jae-Jun Shim, Bo Hwa Sohn, Ju-Seog Lee

 

59 Epidemiology of Liver Cancer

Hashem B. El-Serag

 

60 Mutations and Genomic Alterations in Liver Cancer

Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Jean-Charles Nault

 

61 Treatment of Liver Cancer

Tim F. Greten

 

Part 6: Hepatitis

 

62 Molecular Biology of Hepatitis Viruses

Christoph Seeger, William S. Mason, Michael M.C. Lai

 

63 Immune Mechanisms of Viral Clearance and Disease Pathogenesis during Viral Hepatitis

Carlo Ferrari, Valeria Barili, Stefania Varchetta, Mario U. Mondelli

 

64 Clinical Implications of the Molecular Biology of Hepatitis B Virus

Timothy M. Block, Ju-Tao Guo, W. Thomas London

 

65 Viral Escape Mechanisms in Hepatitis C and the Clinical Consequences of Persistent Infection

Marc G. Ghany, Christopher M. Walker, Patrizia Farci

 

66 Tracking Hepatitis C Virus Interactions with the Hepatic Lipid Metabolism: A hitchhiker´s guide to solve

remaining translational research challenges in hepatitis C

Thomas Pietschmann, Gabrielle Vieyres

 

67 Nucleoside Antiviral Agents for HCV: What’s left to do?

Franck Amblard, Seema Mengshetti, Junxing Shi, Sijia Tao, Leda Bassit, Raymond F. Schinazi

 

68 Hepatitis E Virus: An emerging zoonotic virus causing acute and chronic liver disease

Xiang-Jin Meng

 

69 Biological Principles and Clinical Issues Underlying Liver Transplantation for Viral-Induced End-stage Liver

Disease in the Era of Highly Effective Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents

Michael S. Kriss, James R. Burton, Jr., Hugo R. Rosen

 

70 Time for the Elimination of Hepatitis C Virus as a Global Health Threat

John W. Ward, Alan R. Hinman, Harvey J. Alter

 

Part 7: Horizons

 

H1 Genome Editing by Targeted Nucleases and the CRISPR/Cas Revolution

Shawn M. Burgess

 

H2 Imaging Cellular Proteins and Structures: Smaller, Brighter, and Faster

Aubrey V. Weigel, Erik Lee Snapp

 

H3 Liver-directed Gene Therapy

Patrik Asp, Chandan Guha, Namita Roy Chowdhury, Jayanta Roy Chowdhury

 

H4 Telomeres and Telomerase in Liver Generation and Cirrhosis

Sonja C. Schätzlein, K. Lenhard Rudolph

 

H5 Toxins and Biliary Atresia

Michael Pack, Rebecca G. Wells

 

H6 The Dual Role of ABC Transporters in Drug Metabolism and Resistance to Chemotherapy

Jean-Pierre Gillet, Marielle Boonen, Michel Jadot, Michael M. Gottesman

 

H7 Stem-cell-derived Liver Cells: From model system to therapy

Helmuth Gehart, Hans Clevers

 

H8 Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Biology and pathobiology

Gyongyi Szabo, Fatemeh Momen-Heravi

 

H9 Integrated Technologies for Liver Tissue Engineering

Tiffany N. Vo, Amanda X. Chen, Quinton B. Smith, Arnav Chhabra, Sangeeta N. Bhatia

 

H10 Stem Cells, IPS Cells, Reprogramming: Therapy promise

Stephen A. Duncan

 

H11 Chromatin Regulation and Transcription Factor Cooperation in Liver Cells

Ido Goldstein

 

H12 Drug Interactions in the Liver

Guruprasad P. Aithal, Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick

 

H13 Metabolic Regulation of Hepatic Growth

Wolfram Goessling

 

H14 The Gut Microbiome and Liver Disease

Lexing Yu, Jasmohan S. Baja, Robert F. Schwabe

 

H15 Lineage Tracing: Efficient tools to determine the fate of hepatic cells in health and disease

Frédéric Lemaigre

 

H16 The Hepatocyte as a Household for Plasmodium Parasites

Vanessa Zuzarte-Luis, Maria M. Mota

 

Index

 

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