CDC Yellow Book 2024. Health Information for International Travel

List of Maps, by topic
CDC Contributors
External Contributors
Acknowledgments
Preface
Dedication

1 Introduction
Disease Patterns in Travelers
...perspectives: Why Guidelines Differ
Maps & Travel Medicine
Improving the Quality of Travel Medicine through Education & Training

2 Preparing International Travelers
The Pretravel Consultation
...perspectives: Travelers' Perception of Risk
Vaccination & Immunoprophylaxis-General Principles
Interactions Between Travel Vaccines & Drugs
Yellow Fever Vaccine & Malaria Prevention Information, by Country
Travelers' Diarrhea
...perspectives: Antibiotics in Travelers' Diarrhea-Balancing Benefit & Risk
Food & Water Precautions
Water Disinfection
Travel Health Kits
Last-Minute Travelers
Mental Health
LGBTQ+ Travelers
Complementary & Integrative Health Approaches to Travel Wellness
Prioritizing Care for Resource-Limited Travelers
Telemedicine
...perspectives: Risk Management Issues in Travel Medicine

3 Travelers with Additional Considerations
Immunocompromised Travelers
Travelers with Disabilities
Travelers with Chronic Illnesses
Highly Allergic Travelers
Substance Use & Substance Use Disorders

4 Environmental Hazards & Risks
Sun Exposure
Extremes of Temperature
Air Quality & Ionizing Radiation
Scuba Diving: Decompression Illness & Other Dive-Related Injuries
High Elevation Travel & Altitude Illness
Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods
Zoonotic Exposures: Bites, Stings, Scratches & Other Hazards
Zoonoses-The One Health Approach
Bringing Animals & Animal Products into the United States
Food Poisoning from Marine Toxins
Safety & Security Overseas
Injury & Trauma
Death During Travel

5 Travel-Associated Infections & Diseases
BACTERIAL
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: Bacterial
Anthrax
Bartonella Infections
Brucellosis
Campylobacteriosis
Cholera
Diphtheria
Escherichia coli, Diarrheagenic
Helicobacter pylori
Legionnaires' Disease & Pontiac Fever
Leptospirosis
Lyme Disease
Melioidosis
Meningococcal Disease
Pertussis / Whooping Cough
Plague
Pneumococcal Disease
Q Fever
Rickettsial Diseases
Salmonellosis, Nontyphoidal
Shigellosis
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
...perspectives: Testing Travelers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Typhoid & Paratyphoid Fever
Yersiniosis
VIRAL
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: Viral
B Virus
Chikungunya
COVID-19
Dengue
Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease
Henipavirus Infections
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis E
Human Immunodeficiency Virus / HIV
Influenza
Japanese Encephalitis
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome / MERS
Mumps
Norovirus
Poliomyelitis
Rabies
...perspectives: Rabies Immunization
Rubella
Rubeola / Measles
Smallpox & Other Orthopoxvirus-Associated Infections
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Varicella / Chickenpox
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Yellow Fever
Zika
PARASITIC
Amebiasis
Angiostrongyliasis
Cryptosporidiosis
Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Cyclosporiasis
Cysticercosis
Echinococcosis
Enterobiasis / Pinworm
Filariasis, Lymphatic
Flukes, Liver
Flukes, Lung
Giardiasis
Helminths, Soil-Transmitted
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
Malaria
Onchocerciasis / River Blindness
Sarcocystosis
Scabies
Schistosomiasis
Strongyloidiasis
Taeniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomiasis, African
Trypanosomiasis, American / Chagas Disease
FUNGAL
Coccidioidomycosis / Valley Fever
Histoplasmosis

6 Health Care Abroad
Travel Insurance, Travel Health Insurance & Medical Evacuation Insurance
Obtaining Health Care Abroad
...perspectives: Avoiding Poorly Regulated Medicines & Medical Products during Travel
Medical Tourism

7 Family Travel
Pregnant Travelers
Travel & Breastfeeding
Traveling Safely with Infants & Children
Vaccine Recommendations for Infants & Children
International Adoption
Traveling with Pets & Service Animals

8 Travel by Air, Land & Sea
Air Travel
...perspectives: Responding to Medical Emergencies when Flying
Deep Vein Thrombosis & Pulmonary Embolism
Jet Lag
Road & Traffic Safety
Cruise Ship Travel
Motion Sickness
Airplanes & Cruise Ships: Illness & Death Reporting & Public Health Interventions

9 Travel for Work & Other Reasons
The International Business Traveler
Advice for Aircrew
...perspectives: People Who Fly for a Living-Health Myths & Realities
Health Care Workers, Including Public Health Researchers & Medical Laboratorians
Humanitarian Aid Workers
United States Military Deployments
Long-Term Travelers & Expatriates
Study Abroad & Other International Student Travel
Visiting Friends & Relatives: VFR Travel
Mass Gatherings
Adventure Travel
Sex & Travel

10 Popular Itineraries
The Rationale for Popular Itineraries
AFRICA & THE MIDDLE EAST
African Safaris
Saudi Arabia: Hajj & Umrah Pilgrimages
South Africa
Tanzania & Zanzibar
THE AMERICAS & THE CARIBBEAN
Brazil
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Mexico
Peru
ASIA
Burma (Myanmar)
China
India
Nepal
Thailand

11 Posttravel Evaluation
General Approach to the Returned Traveler
Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Infectious Diseases
...perspectives: Screening Asymptomatic Returned Travelers
Fever in the Returned Traveler
Antimicrobial Resistance
Respiratory Infections
Persistent Diarrhea in Returned Travelers
Dermatological Conditions
...perspectives: Delusional Parasitosis
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Newly Arrived Immigrants, Refugees & Other Migrants

PREVIEW THIS TITLE

• Easy-to-access health information for both travelers and their healthcare professionals from the U.S. Government's leading public health agency
• Vetted recommendations for pre-travel vaccinations and preventative care, plus health guidelines for specific destinations and types of travel
• Special sections tailored to military members; travelers to mass gatherings; and humanitarian aid workers and missionaries
• Updated travel health recommendations for highly allergic, immunocompromised, and chronically ill travelers, travelers with substance use disorders, and medical tourists
• Updated advice for pregnant travelers, families traveling with infants and children, and people traveling with pets or service animals
• Illustrated with vividly drawn full-color maps
• The most trusted authority in travel medicine and essential reading for healthcare providers, the travel industry, multinational business, missionary and volunteer organizations, and those embarking on vacation abroad

For over half a century, the CDC Yellow Book has been a trusted resource, providing international travelers and clinicians with expert guidance for safe and healthy travel abroad. Along with disease-specific prevention and treatment recommendations, this comprehensive reference text provides readers with the background and context needed to understand and address health threats associated with all types of international travel.

FEATURED IN THIS EDITION:

• Precautions for international travelers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including links to updated information on related CDC and US government websites
• Updates on practicing travel medicine in a virtual environment
• New standalone vaccine tables for bacterial and viral diseases with links to the relevant Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and US FDA websites
• Safe international travel with pets and service animals
• Advice for obtaining healthcare abroad including guidance on different types of travel insurance
• Guidelines for self-treating common travel conditions including altitude illness, jet lag, motion sickness, and travelers' diarrhea
• Detailed maps showing the distribution of travel-associated infections and diseases, including dengue and meningococcal meningitis
• Country-specific mosquito avoidance, yellow fever vaccine, and malaria prevention recommendations
• Food and drink precautions, plus updated water-disinfection techniques
• Expanded content on safe international travel for specific groups including: LGBTQ+ individuals, highly allergic travelers, travelers with substance use issues, and medical tourists
• Specialized recommendations for non-leisure travelers, study abroad, work-related travel, and travel to mass gatherings
• Health insights for 14 popular destinations and itineraries in Africa and the Middle East, the Americas and the Caribbean, and Asia
• Considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Editor in Chief: Jeffrey B. Nemhauser, Senior Medical Officer and Clinical Team Lead of the Travelers' Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

About the Editor in Chief: Jeffrey B. Nemhauser, MD, served as senior medical officer in the Travelers' Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from 2017 to 2023. About the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a United States federal agency within the Department of Health and Human Services, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.