Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes at a Glance

Description

Recognising a need to promote and enhance teaching of clinical endocrinology and diabetes in UK medical schools, the Society for Endocrinology, in collaboration with Diabetes UK and the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists, created a national curriculum that sets out the minimum recommended standards for undergraduate medical education.

Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes at a Glance corresponds to the curriculum and covers all important areas of diabetes and endocrinology in a clinically relevant and concise manner, with complementary figures to ensure principles are explained clearly. It highlights key practical skills for undergraduates in line with the GMC recommendations that medical graduates should be well prepared for their Foundation posts. There is also emphasis on the importance of multidisciplinary teams in the management of endocrine diseases and diabetes. These include sections on structured education programmes, psychosocial aspects, and patient self-management and monitoring.

Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes at a Glance will serve as a valuable resource for medical students and junior doctors treating patients with these conditions.

Contents

Preface   vii

Part 1 Introduction 1

1 Introduction to endocrinology    2

Part 2 Disorders of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis 5

2 The hypothalamic–pituitary axis and its assessment   6

3 Acromegaly   8

4 Cushing’s syndrome   10

5 Hypopituitarism and non-functioning pituitary adenomas   12

6 Prolactinoma and hyperprolactinaemia   14

Part 3 Disorders of thirst and fluid balance 17

7 Hypernatraemia and diabetes insipidus    18

8 Hyponatraemia and SIADH   20

Part 4 Thyroid disorders 23

9 Thyroid function   24

10 Hyperthyroidism: clinical presentation and investigation   26

11 Hyperthyroidism: management and ophthalmopathy   28

12 Hyperthyroidism: special circumstances    30

13 Hypothyroidism   32

14 Goitre, thyroid nodules and cancer   34

Part 5 isorders of calcium homeostasis 37

15 Physiology of calcium, PTH and vitamin D metabolism   38

16 Hypercalcaemia    40

17 Hypocalcaemia    42

18 Osteoporosis   44

Part 6 Disorders of the adrenal gland 47

19 Steroid physiology and biochemical assessment    48

20 Adrenal insufficiency   50

21 Adrenocortical tumours   52

22 Disorders of the adrenal medulla   54

Part 7 Disorders of the reproductive system 57

23 Physiology of the reproductive system   58

24 Growth, puberty and sexual differentiation   60

25 Menstrual disturbance    62

26 Hyperandrogenism    64

27 Menopause and HRT   66

28 Male hypogonadism   68

29 Gynaecomastia   70

30 Infertility   72

Part 8 Neuroendocrine tumours 75

31 Neuroendocrine tumours   76

32 Neuroendocrine tumours: management   78

33 Inherited endocrine tumour syndromes   80

34 Spontaneous hypoglycaemia   82

Part 9 Endocrine emergencies 85

35 Adrenal crisis   86

36 Pituitary apoplexy   88

37 Myxoedema coma   90

38 Thyroid storm   92

39 Acute hyponatraemia   94

40 Severe hypercalcaemia   96

41 Acute hypocalcaemia    98

Part 10 Diabetes mellitus 101

42 Overview   102

43 Diagnosis and monitoring   104

44 Classification   106

45 Type 1 diabetes: aetiology and clinical presentation    108

46 Type 1 diabetes: insulin and other therapies   110

47 Type 2 diabetes: aetiology and clinical presentation    112

48 Type 2 diabetes: treatment   114

49 Macrovascular complications    116

50 Microvascular complications    118

51 Diabetic foot disease   120

52 Diabetic ketoacidosis    122

53 Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state    124

54 Hypoglycaemia    126

55 Peri-operative management   128

56 Management of acute illness   131

57 Insulin infusions   134

58 Pregnancy and diabetes   136

59 Genetics of diabetes   138

60 The multidisciplinary team   140

61 Lipid disorders    142

62 Appetite and weight   144

63 Obesity and anorexia   146

Index   148

Author Information

Dr Aled Rees, Consultant Endocrinologist, School of Medicine, Cardiff University

Dr Miles Levy, Consultant Endocrinologist, University Hospitals of Leicester

Dr Andrew Lansdown, Consultant Endocrinologist, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff