A Ready Reckoner for Vaccinations. Adult, Adolescent and Pediatric

Preface

Advances in the field of molecular biology and vaccine production technology have revolutionized immunization programs worldwide with addition of several new vaccines and vaccine administration techniques. If the ‘Science of Vaccinology’ deals with development of newer vaccines, the ‘Art of Immunization’ covers prescribing and administering them on a rational basis.

India has now witnessed the registering of several new vaccines; almost all the vaccines being administered as part of the National Immunization programs in several industrialized countries, are now licensed in India for private use. Whereas the National Immunization Schedule in India still confines to vaccines aimed at the ‘Six killer diseases’ viz. Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Poliomyelitis and Measles, ever since 1985, the Indian Academy of Pediatrics has included additional vaccines in various categories and have issued guidelines for its members in matters related to their administration in office practice.

The practitioner of immunization viz. Adult/Adolescent/ Pediatric in his busy schedule seldom has time to go through the detailed information leaflets attached to the Vaccine packages though ideally one should go through these in detail. It is therefore mandatory that for ‘Rational Immunization Practice’ the practitioner equips himself with adequate knowledge about various aspects of immunization. This Ready Reckoner deals with the detailed composition of vaccine formulations- monovalent/ combination, the proper technique of their administration, the maintenance of cold chain, the possible adverse event, the various immunization schedules—Routine/Missed opportunity/Special circumstances/Travel related, etc., the reporting system of VPDs (Vaccine Preventable Diseases) and AEFI (Adverse Events Following Immunization) the basic knowledge on Pediatric, Adolescent and Adult Vaccinations as well as Immunoglobulins, Antisera, etc.

The Red book of AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) is taken as a standard book of immunization all over the world. We are privileged to have amongst our contributors , Dr Margaret Fisher who has been a member of the committee of Infectious diseases in the Red Book Committee of AAP from 1996 to 2002 and again from 2005 to date.

All of us in practice are often approached for the immunization of students going abroad who need their immunization records and also get the booster doses before their admission can be formally processed in various universities. Dr DE Greydanus and Dr Dilip Patel well-known adolescent experts from USA have contributed an important chapter on immunization for students leaving for higher studies to USA. Our Indian contributors Dr Naveen Thacker and Dr Saurabh Sharma and Dr SS Kamath who are well known in the field of immunization have contributed chapters on basics of vaccination and safe injection practices.

Working in the field of immunization for the last many years, we thought that there was a gap in the market for a book on vaccinations that goes across the age spectrum from a newborn to the geriatric age. We also felt the need of a quick reference which gives details of vaccination in special circumstances like travel, pregnant woman, etc.

This booklet is aimed to fill the gap and serve as a ‘Ready Reckoner’ to keep on the desktop in a clinic, to enable the practitioner to follow ‘Rational Immunization Practice’ in serving the needy infants, children, adolescents and adults.

We are privileged to have a Foreword from Dr AB Desai, past President IAP who was the founding chairperson in 1989 of the IAP Committee on Immunization IAPCOI.

It is our fervent hope that this maiden venture of ours will be welcomed by the Family Physicians and Pediatricians alike. We shall be much grateful for your valuable comments/ suggestions to improve the contents of the book/quality of the text in future editions.

We take this opportunity to thank our publisher M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, for the excellent layout of the book.

Swati Y Bhave, A Parthasarathy, Sangeeta Yadav

CONTENTS

1. Basic Immunology-related to Vaccinations
   (Naveen Thacker, Swati Y Bhave)
2. Age-related Immunological Response to Vaccination
   (Swati Y Bhave, Naveen Thacker)
3. Vaccines are not Just for Babies
   (Margaret C Fisher)
4. Vaccines indicated in Children
   (A Parthasarathy, Sangeeta Yadav)
5. Immunoglobulins, Antisera and Vaccination
   (A Parthasarathy, Swati Y Bhave, Sangeeta Yadav)
6. Basic Principles for Adolescent Vaccination
   (Swati Y Bhave, Sangeeta Yadav)
7. EPI Vaccines
   (A Parthasarathy, Sangeeta Yadav)
8. Non-EPI Vaccines
   (Sangeeta Yadav, A Parthasarathy)
9. Age and Gender Specific Vaccination
   (Swati Y Bhave)
10. Conjugate Vaccines
    (Sangeeta Yadav, A Parthasarathy)
11. When to Give Immunoglobulin, Vaccine or both
    (Swati Y Bhave, Sangeeta Yadav)
12. Vaccination in Pregnancy and Lactation
    (Swati Y Bhave, A Parthasarathy)
13. Vaccines for Adolescents Leaving for Higher Studies in USA
    (Donald E Greydanus, Dilip R Patel)
14. Travelers’ Vaccines
    (Swati Y Bhave, Sangeeta Yadav)
15. Immunization in Special Clinical Circumstances
    (Sangeeta Yadav, Swati Y Bhave)
16. Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) and their Management
    (A Parthasarathy, Sangeeta Yadav)
17. Safe Injection Practices
    (SS Kamath, Swati Y Bhave, Saurabh Sharma)
18. Storage of Vaccines and Cold Chain
    (A Parthasarathy, Sangeeta Yadav)
19. Future Vaccines—an Overview
    (A Parthasarathy, Swati Y Bhave)
20. Commercially Available Vaccines in India
    (A Parthasarathy, Sangeeta Yadav)