Principles of Geriatric Physiotherapy

Contents

1. Introduction to Geriatric Physiotherapy
• Definition of Elderly
• Classification of Elderly
• Demography of Aging
• Factors Responsible for Demographic Changes
• Implications of Demographic Changes
• Sex Distribution and Marital Status of Elderly
• Socioeconomic Status of Elderly
• Disease, Disability and Death
• To Summarize
2. Physiological Response to Aging
• Normal Aging
• Mechanism of Aging
• Theories of aging based on intrinsic factors
• Theories of aging based on extrinsic factors
• Features of Normal Aging
• Musculoskeletal system
• Muscular strength
• Muscle mass
• Muscular endurance
• Muscular power
• Bone health
• Articular cartilage
• Cardiovascular system
• Aerobic capacity
• Heart
• Heart rate
• Cardiac output
• Local factors
• Pulmonary function
• Nervous system
• Central nervous system
• Peripheral nervous system
• Special senses
• Visual acuity
• Hearing
• Taste
• Smell
• Touch
• Vestibular system
• Changes in other systems
3. Physiological Response to Exercise in Elderly
• Cardiovascular System
• Respiratory System
• Musculoskeletal System
4. Principles of Geriatric Assessment
• Aims of Geriatric Assessment
• The Team for Geriatric Assessment
• Efficiency of Geriatric Assessment
• Components of Geriatric Assessment
• History taking
• Physical examination
• Functional status
• Mental status
• Emotional status
• Laboratory testing
5. Principles of Geriatric Physical Therapy
• Aims of Geriatric Assessment
• Geriatric Physical Therapy in Different Settings
• Geriatric physical therapy in acute care hospitals
• Geriatric physical therapy in skilled nursing facilities
• Geriatric physical therapy at home
• Geriatric physical therapy in outpatient departments
• Geriatric Physical Therapy Program
• Assessment
• Goal-setting
• Therapeutic intervention
• Range-of-motion exercise
• Stretching exercise
• Mobilization exercise
• Strengthening exercise
• Aerobic exercises
• Gait training
• Orthotics
• Electrotherapeutic modalities
• Reassessment
6. Cardiorespiratory Disorders in Elderly
• Cardiovascular Disorders in Elderly
• Acute myocardial infarction
• Coronary heart disease
• Arrhythmias and conduction disturbances
• Hypertension
• Congestive cardiac failure
• Respiratory Disorders in Elderly
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Asthma
• Pulmonary embolism
7. Musculoskeletal Disorders in Elderly
• Osteoporosis
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Gout Arthritis
8. Falls in Elderly
• Definition
• Prevalence
• Risk Factors
• The Role of Balance Control
• Age-related Changes in Balance and Gait Pattern
• Assessment and Evaluation
• Treatment
9. Neurological Disorders in Elderly
• Stroke
• Parkinson’s Disease
• Peripheral Neuropathy
10. Diabetes in Elderly
• Definition and Classification
• Prevalence
• Risk Factors
• Clinical Features
• Diagnostic Criteria
• Additional Laboratory Findings
• Management
• Mortality Rate
• Diabetic Complications
11. Cognitive Deficits and Dementia in Elderly
• Introduction
• Definition and Description of Key Terms
• Prevalence
• Causes of Dementia
• Clinical Features
• Evaluation and Assessment
• Management

• Appendices
1. Activities of Daily Livings (ALDs)
2. Instrumental Activities of Daily Livings (IADLs)
3. Modified Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)
4. Mini-Cog Assessment Instrument
5. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
6. Physical Therapy Evaluation Performa for Geriatric Patients
7. Dynamic Gait Index
8. Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS)
9. Parkinson’s Disease Evaluation Form
• Index