Advanced Exercise Physiology. Essential Concepts and Applications

Preface

Chapter 1: Exercise Metabolism

Foundations of Metabolism

Energy Transfer

Energy Substrates for Metabolism

Energy Systems

Total Yield From Metabolism

Metabolic Regulation During Exercise

Factors That Influence Exercise Metabolism

Summary

Definitions

Chapter 2: Dynamics of Skeletal-Neuromuscular and Gastrointestinal Physiology 

Structure of Skeletal Muscle and Mechanisms of Contraction

Neuromuscular Control of Movement

Functional Properties of Muscle

Regulatory Control of the GI System

Smooth Muscle

Overview of the GI Organs

Summary

Definitions

Chapter 3: Cardiovascular System: Function and Control 

General Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

Mechanisms of Contraction

Cardiac Electrophysiology

Conduction System and Electrocardiogram

Coronary Blood Supply

Cardiac Cycle and Mechanics

Cardiac Performance

Changes in Heart Rate, Stroke Volume, and Cardiac Output During an Acute Bout of Exercise

Circulatory Hemodynamics and Distribution of Blood Flow 

Transport of O2 and CO2

Cardiorespiratory Fitness: The Whole Picture

Cardiovascular Regulation

Other Important Topics in Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology

The Kidney and Exercise

Summary

Definitions

Chapter 4: Pulmonary Exercise Physiology

Lung Structure and Function

Exercise and Lung Function

Illness

Summary

Definitions

Chapter 5: Immune and Endocrine System

Immune System Components and Function

Exercise and Immune Function

Acute Exercise and the Immune Response

Exercise Endocrinology

Hormone Control of the Cardiorespiratory System During Aerobic Exercise

Hormone Control of Substrate Availability During Aerobic Exercise

Hormone Control of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance During Aerobic Exercise

Hormone Response After Aerobic Exercise Training

Endocrine Response During Anaerobic or Resistance Exercise

Hormone Response During Acute Anaerobic Exercise

Endocrine Adaptations to Anaerobic Exercise Training

Summary

Definitions

Chapter 6: Principles for Testing and Training for Aerobic Power

Work and Power

Direct and Indirect Measurement of Energy Production

Net O2 Cost of Exercise

Caloric Equivalent of O2

Protocols for Assessing Aerobic Power

Matching Training Regimen to Energy and Organ Systems and Training to Improve Aerobic Power

Physiological Adaptations Attributable to Aerobic Training

Summary

Definitions

Chapter 7: Principles for Testing and Training Anaerobic Strength, Power, and Range of Motion 

Anaerobic Exercise Training Principles

Resistance Testing and Training

Range of Motion

Putting It All Together

Summary

Definitions

Chapter 8: Body Composition and Weight Management

Body Composition Models and Theories

Weight Management Principles

Summary

Definitions

Chapter 9: Performance: Environmental Stressors, Genetics, Nutrition, and Ergogenic Aids

Exercise and the Environment

Performance Exercise Physiology

Summary

Definitions

Chapter 10: Physical Activity and Exercise for Health and Fitness

Epidemiology of Physical Activity, Inactivity, and Exercise

Relationship Between Physical Activity, Exercise, and Fitness and Disease Prevention

Proper Screening Before Exercise and the Risks Associated With Exercise

How Much Exercise Is Enough?

Exercise in the Treatment of Common Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases

Challenges of Exercise Adherence and Facilitating Behavior Change

Summary

Definitions

Chapter 11: Emerging Concepts: Exercise Pharmacology and Exercise Genomics

Exercise Pharmacology

Exercise Genomics

Summary

Definitions

Appendix A: Calculations for Oxygen Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Production
Appendix B: Efficiency and Energy Expenditure
Appendix C: Metabolic Equivalent of Task Values of Common Activities
Appendix D: Professionalization of the Exercise Professional
Appendix E: Common Scientific Abbreviations and Units
References

Advanced Exercise Physiology: Essential Concepts and Applications builds upon foundational topics and looks further into key physiological components to help advanced students gain a deeper level of understanding. Authors Jonathan K. Ehrman, Dennis J. Kerrigan, and Steven J. Keteyian address a wide range of complex topics with evidence-based information and a focused, targeted style.

The first five chapters offer a detailed examination of the various body systems. The next two chapters focus on exercise testing and training principles, as well as training adaptations as they relate to aerobic power, anaerobic power, range of motion, and resistance training of healthy individuals and competitive athletes. The remaining chapters focus on a variety of topics, including athletic performance, body composition and weight management, and environmental influences of exercise physiology. The final two chapters bring a unique perspective to the book with a review of the relationship between exercise physiology and public health and a look at recent and emerging topics in the field, including genomics and pharmacology.

Enhancing the content are learning aids, more than 140 images and illustrations, and practical examples from among clinical patients, healthy individuals, and competitive athletes. Key terms and their definitions appear at the end of each chapter; these help students understand key concepts and serve as a useful reference for practitioners. The appendixes contain information related to topics such as efficiency and energy expenditure, metabolic equivalent (MET) values of common activities, and the professionalization of exercise physiology.

For instructors, Advanced Exercise Physiology also includes a test package and an image bank to assist with classroom lecture preparations. The ancillaries, in-text learning components, and comprehensive content combine to create an ideal text to be used in advanced courses in exercise physiology.

About the Authors

Jonathan K. Ehrman, PhD, FACSM, FAACVPR, is the associate program director of preventive cardiology and of the Exercise Physiology Core Laboratory and the director of the clinical weight management program at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. He specializes in cardiac rehabilitation and preventive cardiology. He is also a clinical assistant professor in the exercise science program at Oakland University. He is a fellow of the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), and he is certified by the ACSM as a clinical exercise physiologist. In addition to the ACSM and AACVPR, he is also an active member of the Clinical Exercise Physiology Association (CEPA), the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology. Dr. Ehrman earned his PhD in clinical exercise physiology from The Ohio State University.

Dr. Ehrman is a coeditor of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Fourth Edition, and served as section editor of the 10th edition of ACSM's Resource Manual for Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. In addition, he has published more than 100 research manuscripts, abstracts, and book chapters. He is also the current editor of the Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology, which is the official journal of the CEPA.

Dennis J. Kerrigan, PhD, FACSM, is a senior exercise physiologist in preventive cardiology in the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the William Clay Ford Center for Athletic Medicine at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. His current role is as the director of outpatient exercise programs in preventive cardiology, and he oversees exercise programs for individuals with chronic health conditions. In addition to his clinical duties, Dr. Kerrigan also conducts research in patients with heart disease, cancer, and obesity. He was the lead author in a randomized trial that showed improvements in fitness and quality of life in patients with left ventricular assist devices who participated in cardiac rehabilitation. In 2017, Dr. Kerrigan was elected president of the Clinical Exercise Physiology Association (CEPA). He earned his PhD in clinical exercise physiology from The Ohio State University.

Dr. Kerrigan coauthored a book chapter in Guidelines for Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention Programs, Fifth Edition, and has published scholarly articles in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, American Journal of Cardiology, Journal of Cardiac Failure, and Medicine in Sports and Exercise. In 2012, he received the Midwest ACSM Clinical Exercise Professional of the Year award.

Steven J. Keteyian, PhD, FACSM, is the director of preventive cardiology in the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and director of the Exercise Physiology Core Laboratory, both at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit. He specializes in clinical exercise physiology and preventive cardiology. He also serves as a clinical professor in the exercise science program at Oakland University and as an adjunct professor in the physiology department at Wayne State University, where he earned his PhD. He is an active member of the American Heart Association and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR).

Dr. Keteyian has published more than 200 research manuscripts and book chapters and has coauthored or coedited four textbooks, including Clinical Exercise Physiology, Third Edition. He has also served as an editor-in-chief, associate editor, or editorial board member for several academic journals. Dr. Keteyian received the President's Award from the AACVPR in 2013 and the Established Investigator Award from the AACVPR in 2009.