Chest X-Rays for Medical Students

Description

Chest X-rays for Medical Students is a unique teaching and learning resource that offers students, junior doctors, trainee radiologists, nurses, physiotherapists and nurse practitioners a basic understanding of the principles of chest radiology.

• Provides a memorable way to analyze and present chest radiographs – the unique ‘ABCDE’ system as developed by the authors
• Explains how to recognize basic radiological signs, pathology and patterns associated with common medical conditions as seen on plain PA and AP chest radiographs
• Presents each radiograph twice, side by side - once as would be seen in a clinical setting and again with the pathology clearly highlighted
• Includes a section of self-assessment and presentation exercises to test knowledge and presentation technique
• Ideal for study and clinical reference, this book will be the ideal companion for any medical student, junior doctor or trainee radiographer.

Providing a valuable teaching resource, CHEST X-RAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS (Wiley-Blackwell, September 2011) offers students, junior doctors, trainee radiologists, and nurses a basic understanding of the principles of chest radiology.

The book uses a unique method of overlays to demonstrate the areas of pathology. It emphasizes the need for a systematic approach (rather than pattern recognition) and includes advice on how to approach images for examination purposes. The text also includes a number of self assessment questions at the end.

Topics covered include:

• Hazards and precautions
• Tracheal deviation
• Consolidation & collapse
• Fibrosis
• Carinal angle
• Septal lines
• Foreign bodies and medical interventions

The text explains how to recognize basic radiological signs, pathology, and patterns associated with common medical conditions as seen on plain PA and AP chest radiographs. The book also presents each radiograph twice, side by side; once as would be seen in a clinical setting and again with the pathology clearly highlighted.

Ideal for study and clinical reference, CHEST X-RAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS is the ideal companion for any medical student, junior doctor, or trainee radiographer. It would also be useful for physiotherapists and clinical nurse practitioners.

Table of Contents

• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Learning objectives checklist

Part 1

• About X-rays
• What are X-rays?
• How are X-rays produced?
• The resulting image on the X-ray film
• How are X-ray images (radiographs) stored?
• Hazards and precautions
• Radiation hazards
• IRMER 2000
• In women of reproductive age
• Chest X-ray (CXR) views
• PA erect CXR
• Other views
• Normal anatomy on a PA chest X-ray
• Normal anatomy 1
• Normal anatomy 2
• Normal anatomy 3
• Normal anatomy 4
• Normal anatomy 5
• Normal anatomy 6
• Normal anatomy 7
• Normal anatomy 8
• Presenting a chest radiograph
• Be systematic
• Film quality
• Rotation
• Adequate inspiration

Part 2

• Overview of the ABCDE of chest X-rays
• The ABCDE of chest X-rays
• What to look for in A – Airway
• Tracheal deviation
• Carinal angle
• What to look for in B – Breathing
• Consolidation/Airspace shadowing
• Air bronchogram
• Collapse (atelectasis) overview
• Right upper lobe collapse
• Middle lobe collapse
• Right lower lobe collapse
• Left upper lobe collapse
• Left lower lobe collapse
• Complete lung collapse
• Pneumonectomy
• Solitary mass lesion
• Multiple mass lesions
• Cavitating lung lesion
• Fibrosis
• Pneumothorax
• Tension pneumothorax
• Hydropneumothorax
• Pleural effusion
• Pulmonary oedema
• ‘Bat’s wing’ pattern shadowing
• Septal lines
• What to look for in C – Circulation,
• Dextrocardia
• Cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
• Left atrial enlargement
• Widened mediastinum
• Hilar enlargement
• Hiatus hernia
• What to look for in D – Disability
• Rib fractures and other bony abnormalities
• What to look for in E – Everything else
• Air under the diaphragm (pneumoperitoneum)
• Subcutaneous emphysema/surgical emphysema
• Mastectomy
• Foreign bodies and medical interventions

Part 3

• Common conditions and their radiological signs
• Pulmonary embolism
• Bronchial carcinoma
• Heart failure
• Pneumonia
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Tuberculosis
• Asbestos-related lung disease

• Self-assessment questions
• Self-assessment answers
• Glossary
• Index

Author

Christopher Clarke is Radiology Specialist Registrar trainee at Nottingham University Hospitals
Anthony Dux is a Consultant Radiologist at University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust