Medical Biochemistry at a Glance

Description

Offering a concise, illustrated summary of biochemistry and its relevance to clinical medicine, Medical Biochemistry at a Glance is intended for students of medicine and the biomedical sciences such as nutrition, biochemistry, sports science, medical laboratory sciences, physiotherapy, pharmacy, physiology, pharmacology, genetics and veterinary science. It also provides a succinct review and reference for medical practitioners and biomedical scientists who need quickly to refresh their knowledge of medical biochemistry.

The book is designed as a revision guide for students preparing for examinations and contains topics that have been identified as ‘high-yield’ facts for the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), Step 1.

This third edition:

• Has been thoroughly revised and updated and is now in full colour throughout
• Is written by the author of the hugely successful Metabolism at a Glance (ISBN 9781405107167)
• Features updated and improved clinical correlates
• Expands its coverage with a new section on Molecular Biology
• Includes a brand new companion website of self-assessment questions and answers at www.ataglanceseries.com/medicalbiochemistry

Reviews

“It does exactly what it says on the tin…medical biochemistry compacted down so you can read and learn ‘at a glance’ about this daunting subject...I would definitely recommend this to all friends, not only medics but dentists and physiotherapists as well...This book is perfect for all those phased and baffled by biochemistry.”
3rd year medical student, Birmingham Medical School

Table of Contents

• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Figure Key
• SI/Mass Unit conversions

1. Acids, Bases and pH
• 1 Acids, bases and hydrogen ions (protons)
• 2 Understanding pH
• 3 Production and removal of protons into and from the blood
• 4 Metabolic alkalosis and metabolic acidosis
• 5 Respiratory alkalosis and respiratory acidosis
2. Structure of Amino Acids and Proteins
• 6 Amino acids and the primary structure of proteins
• 7 Secondary structure of proteins
• 8 Tertiary and quaternary structures and collagen
3. The Formation of ATP: Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
• 9 Oxidation/reduction reactions, coenzymes and prosthetic groups
• 10 Anaerobic production of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation, phosphocreatine and adenylate kinase reaction
• 11 Aerobic production of ATP
• 12 Biosynthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation I
• 13 Biosynthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation II
• 14 What happens when protons or electrons leak from the respiratory chain?
• 15 Free radicals, reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage
• 16 Aerobic oxidation of glucose to provide energy as ATP
• 17 Anaerobic oxidation of glucose by glycolysis to form ATP and lactate
• 18 Anaerobic glycolysis in red blood cells, 2,3-BPG (2,3-DPG) and the Bohr effect
4. Carbohydrates
• 19 Carbohydrates
• 20 Absorption of carbohydrates and metabolism of galactose
• 21 The fate of glucose in liver: glycogenesis and lipogenesis
• 22 Fructose metabolism
• 23 Glucose homeostasis
• 24 Glucose-stimulated secretion of insulin from ß-cells
• 25 Regulation of glycogen metabolism
• 26 Glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) and glycogen storage diseases
• 27 Insulin signal transduction and diabetes mellitus
• 28 Diabetes mellitus
• 29 Alcohol metabolism: hypoglycaemia, hyperlactataemia and steatosis
5. Enzymes and Regulation of Pathways
• 30 Enzymes: nomenclature, kinetics and inhibitors
• 31 Regulation of enzyme activity
• 32 Regulation of glycolysis and Krebs cycle
• 33 Oxidation of fatty acids to produce ATP in muscle and ketone bodies in liver
• 34 Regulation of lipolysis, ß -oxidation, ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis
6. Lipids and Lipid Metabolism
• 35 Structure of lipids.
• 36 Phospholipids I: phospholipids and sphingolipids
• 37 Phospholipids II: micelles, liposomes, lipoproteins and membranes
• 38 Metabolism of carbohydrate to cholesterol
• 39 VLDL and LDL metabolism ("forward" cholesterol transport)
• 40 VLDL and LDL metabolism (endogenous triacylglycerol transport)
• 41 HDL metabolism ("reverse" cholesterol transport)
• 42 Absorption and disposal of dietary triacylglycerol, and cholesterol by chylomicrons
• 43 Steroid hormones: aldosterone, cortisol, androgens and oestrogens
7. Metabolism of Amino Acids and Porphyrins
• 44 Urea cycle and overview of amino acid catabolism
• 45 Non-essential and essential amino acids
• 46 Amino acid metabolism: to energy as ATP; to glucose and ketone bodies
• 47 Amino acid disorders: maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, cystinuria, alkaptonuria and albinism
• 48 Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism in health and disease
• 49 The products of tryptophan and histidine metabolism
• 50 Haem, bilirubin and porphyria
8. Vitamins
• 51 Fat-soluble vitamins I: vitamins A and D
• 52 Fat-soluble vitamins II: vitamins E and K
• 53 Water-soluble vitamins I: thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and pantothenate
• 54 Water-soluble vitamins II: pyridoxal phosphate (B6)
• 55 Water-soluble vitamins III: folate and vitamin B12
• 56 Water-soluble vitamins IV: biotin and vitamin C
9. Molecular Biology
• 57 Cell cycle
• 58 Pyrimidine metabolism
• 59 Purine metabolism
• 60 DNA structure, base-pairing
• 61 The Central Dogma
• 62 Chromosomes, chromatin, plasmids, prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA
• 63 DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes I
• 64 DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes II
• 65 DNA repair
• 66 DNA Transcription (part 1) mRNA and Exons
• 67 DNA Transcription (part 2) mRNA and Introns
• 68 DNA Transcription (part 3) tRNA
• 69 DNA Transcription (part 4) rRNA
• 70 Protein synthesis and mutations
10. Diagnostic Clinical Chemistry
• 71 Diagnostic clinical chemistry

• Index