


Principles and Practice of Skin Toxicology
Chilcott, R.
1ª Edición Septiembre 2008
Inglés
Tapa dura
370 pags
1200 gr
17 x 25 x 3 cm
ISBN 9780470511725
Editorial JOHN WILEY & SONS
Recíbelo en un plazo De 7 a 10 días
Description
Written by authorities in the field, this book provides a “bottom up” approach to studying skin toxicology. Principles and Practice of Skin Toxicology clearly outlines basic concepts, cites historical and modern references and contains a dictionary for easy reference. The inclusion of global legislation and regulatory aspects on the topic makes this a comprehensive review for every practitioner, clinical researcher in industry and academia, and MSc and PhD student of toxicology.
- Different sections cover skin structure and function, principles and measurement of skin absorption, clinical aspects of dermal toxicity and in vitro alternatives.
- A section on regulatory and legislative aspects includes case studies from the UK that fulfill European Union and US FDA requirements.
- A glossary provides definitions of technical terms, and the chapters contain an introduction, learning boxes and summary section for ease of use.
- Includes a chapter on drug delivery through the skin.
- Addresses risk assessment: a key area for the interpretation of skin absorption data that is rarely covered.
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of contributors
PART I Introduction
1 Cutaneous anatomy and function -Robert P. Chilcott
- 1.1 Introduction and scope
- 1.2 Surface features
- 1.3 Functional histology of the epidermis and associated structures
- 1.4 Species differences
- Summary
- References
2 Biochemistry of the skin -Simon C. Wilkinson
- 2.1 Introduction and scope
- 2.2 Protein synthesis and organisation during epidermal differentiation
- 2.3 Lipid synthesis and organisation during epidermal differentiation
- 2.4 Lipid classes in the stratum corneum
- 2.5 Stratum corneum turnover
- 2.6 Biotransformations in skin
- Summary
- References
3 Skin photobiology - Mark A. Birch-Machin and Simon C. Wilkinson
- 3.1 Introduction and scope
- 3.2 Photoprotection and melanogenesis
- 3.3 Increased environmental ultraviolet radiation exposure and its link with photoageing and skin cancer
- 3.4 Mitochondrial DNA as a biomarker of sun exposure in human skin
- 3.5 Apoptosis
- 3.6 Sun protection
- Summary
- References
PART II Skin Absorption
4 Skin as a route of entry - Simon C. Wilkinson
- 4.1 Salient anatomical features of the stratum corneum – the ‘brick and mortar model’
- 4.2 Species and regional variation in skin structure
- 4.3 Species and regional variation in skin permeability
- 4.4 Intra- and inter-individual variation in percutaneous absorption
- 4.5 Effect of age on skin barrier function
- 4.6 Role of skin appendages
- 4.7 The in vitro skin sandwich model
- 4.8 Penetration of particles through appendages
- Summary
- References
5 Physicochemical Factors Affecting Skin Absorption - Keith R. Brain and Robert P. Chilcott
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Physicochemical properties
- 5.3 Exposure considerations
- Summary
- References
6 Principles of Diffusion and Thermodynamics - W. John Pugh and Robert P. Chilcott
- 6.1 Introduction and scope
- 6.2 Some definitions pertaining to skin absorption kinetics
- 6.3 Basic concepts of diffusion
- 6.4 Fick’s Laws of diffusion
- 6.5 Thermodynamic activity
- 6.6 Skin absorption of a substance from two different vehicles
- 6.7 Partitioning
- 6.8 Diffusivity
- 6.9 Skin absorption data and risk assessments
- Summary
- References
7 In vivo measurements of skin absorption - James C. Wakefield and Robert P. Chilcott
- 7.1 Introduction and scope
- 7.2 Why conduct in vivo studies?
- 7.3 Ethics and legislation
- 7.4 Standard methodology: OECD Guideline 427
- 7.5 Alternative in vivo methods
- Summary
- References
8 In vitro percutaneous absorption measurements - Ruth U. Pendlington
- 8.1 Introduction and scope
- 8.2 Regulatory guidelines
- 8.3 Why assess percutaneous absorption in vitro?
- 8.4 Basic principle of in vitro percutaneous absorption measurements
- 8.5 Choice of diffusion cell
- 8.6 Skin membrane considerations
- 8.7 Integrity measurements
- 8.8 Choice of receptor fluid and sampling considerations
- 8.9 Test material considerations
- 8.10 Application of test preparation to the skin
- 8.11 Examples of results from in vitro skin absorption studies
- 8.12 What is considered to be absorbed?
- 8.13 Micro-autoradiography
- Summary
- References
PART III Toxicological Assessment
9 Skin immunology and sensitisation - David A. Basketter
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Definitions
- 9.3 Skin sensitisation
- 9.4 Identification of skin sensitisers
- 9.5 Risk assessment
- 9.6 Other types of allergic skin reaction
- 9.7 Future prospects
- Summary
- References
10 In vitro phototoxicity assays - Penny Jones
- 10.1 Introduction and scope
- 10.2 In vitro strategies for phototoxicity testing
- 10.3 The UV/visible absorption spectrum as a pre-screen for phototoxicity
- 10.4 In vitro assays for phototoxicity using monolayer cultures
- 10.5 In vitro assays for photoallergenicity
- 10.6 In vitro assays for phototoxicity using human 3-D skin models
- Summary
- References
11 In vitro alternatives for irritation and corrosion assessment - Penny Jones
- 11.1 Introduction and scope
- 11.2 Acute dermal irritation/corrosion
- 11.3 Validation/regulatory status of in vitro assays for skin corrosion
- 11.4 In vitro tests for skin corrosion
- 11.5 Validation/regulatory status of in vitro assays for skin irritation
- 11.6 In vitro tests for skin irritation
- Summary
- References
12 Instruments for measuring skin toxicity - Helen Taylor
- 12.1 Introduction and scope
- 12.2 Skin surface pH
- 12.3 Biomechanical properties
- 12.4 Sebum
- 12.5 Skin surface contours
- 12.6 Thickness
- 12.7 Desquamation
- 12.8 Applications and measurement of transepidermal water loss
- 12.9 Guidance for TEWL measurements
- 12.10 Hydration measurement
- 12.11 Guidance for hydration measurements
- 12.12 Relationship between hydration and dermal toxicity
- 12.13 Colour measurement
- 12.14 Measurement of vascular perfusion
- 12.15 A final word of caution
- Summary
- References
PART IV Clinical Aspects
13 Introduction to dermatology - Manjunatha Kalavala and Alex Anstey
- 13.1 Introduction and scope
- 13.2 Clinical assessment of patient with skin disease
- 13.3 Cutaneous manifestations of disease following exposure to chemicals and pharmaceutical formulations
- 13.4 Overview of standard treatments
- Summary
14 Clinical aspects of phototoxicity - Anthony D. Pearse and Alex Anstey
- 14.1 Introduction and scope
- 14.2 UV-induced skin reactions
- 14.3 Phototoxicity (photoirritancy) reactions
- 14.4 Photosensitive reactions
- Summary
- References
15 Occupational skin diseases - Jon Spiro
- 15.1 Introduction and scope
- 15.2 Dermatitis
- 15.3 Development of occupational dermatitis
- 15.4 Patterns of occupational dermatitis
- 15.5 Incidence of occupational dermatitis
- 15.6 Effects of dermatitis on work
- 15.7 The outlook in occupational dermatitis
- 15.8 Identification of occupational dermatitis
- 15.9 Other occupational skin disorders
- 15.10 Investigation of a case of dermatitis at work
- Summary
- References
16 Prevention of occupational skin disease - Chris Packham
- 16.1 Prevention of occupational skin disease
- 16.2 Defining the problem
- 16.3 Material safety data sheets
- 16.4 Chain of responsibility
- 16.5 Managing dermal exposure
- 16.6 Selection and use of personal protective equipment
- 16.7 Protective or ‘barrier’ creams: do they have a role?
- 16.8 The role of education and training
- 16.9 Conclusions
- Summary
- References
PART V Regulatory
17 Occupational skin exposures: legal aspects - Chris Packham
- 17.1 Introduction and scope
- 17.2 Brief overview of current United Kingdom legislation
- 17.3 The employer’s perspective
- 17.4 Hazard identification
- 17.5 Risk assessment
- 17.6 Gloves: a note of caution
- Summary
- References
18 Safety assessment of cosmetics: an EU perspective - Jo Larner
- 18.1 Introduction and scope
- 18.2 Overview and scope of Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EC
- 18.3 Overview of the requirements of the EU Cosmetics Directive
- 18.4 Scientific advice
- 18.5 Influence of other legislation
- 18.6 Adverse effects from cosmetics
- 18.7 Toxicity of cosmetic ingredients
- 18.8 The safety assessment
- 18.9 A final consideration
- Summary
- References
- Appendix 18.1 Additional obligations for cosmetic suppliers
19 Regulatory dermatotoxicology and international guidelines -Adam Woolley
- 19.1 Introduction
- 19.2 Regulatory context
- 19.3 Product groups and the human context
- 19.4 Dermal toxicology with the different product groups
- 19.5 Factors in dermal toxicity
- 19.6 Repeat dose dermal toxicology
- 19.7 Classic short-term dermal toxicity studies
- 19.8 Pragmatic considerations
- Summary
- References
20 Glossary of main terms and abbreviations -James C. Wakefield
Index
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