Anatomical Guide for the Electromyographer. the Limbs and Trunk

Description

This invaluable book for the electromyographer dispenses the latest techniques detailing methods of intramuscular electrode placement. The author examines the basic principles in electromyography (EMG) and includes updated information for the appendicular and axial muscles. It is divided into 14 sections organized by anatomical region: the muscles of the hand, forearm, arm, shoulder girdle, foot, leg, thigh, pelvis, hip joint, perineal region, paraspinal region, abdominal wall, the intercostals and diaphragm regions, along with the muscles innervated by cranial nerves. This information includes the innervations and attachments of each muscle, how to position the patient for examination, the appropriate site for insertion of the electrode, the depth of insertion for the electrode, and the action that the patient should perform to activate the muscle.

The descriptions of the techniques used for rarely examined muscles are sufficient for a clinician to have the confidence needed to perform the procedure. Common errors in electrode placement and clinically relevant comments are illustrated and discussed, including cross-sectional illustrations on the appendicular muscles. A particularly useful inclusion is “Pitfalls” that describes which muscle the electrode will record if the needle is placed too deep, not deep enough, or not at the location described. The text contains a useful appendix, providing dermatomes of the limb and trunk, cutaneous innervations of the head, and excellent illustrations of both the brachial plexus and the lumbo-sacral-coccygeal plexus. The appendix also contains a useful table listing all muscles that are presented in the text with innervations from the peripheral nerve to the mixed spinal nerve root. Well organized, clearly and concisely written, this book remains a learning tool and excellent reference for electromyographers and for healthcare practitioners who are expanding their practice skills to include diagnostic EMG, as well as for graduate students who use EMG as part of their research.

Table of Contents

Preface
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN ELECTROMYOGRAPHY

Section I
HAND

Abductor Digiti Minimi
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Adductor Pollicis
Dorsal Interossei
Volar Interossei
Lumbricals
Flexor Digiti Minimi
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Opponens Pollicis
Palmaris Brevis

Section II
FOREARM

Abductor Pollicis Longus
Anconeus
Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis, Longus and Brevis
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Digitorum Communis and Extensor Digiti Minimi Proprius
Extensor Indicis Proprius
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Palmaris Longus
Pronator Quadratus
Pronator Teres
Supinator

Section III
ARM

Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
Triceps
Lateral Head
Long Head
Medial Head

Section IV
SHOULDER JOINT

Deltoid, Anterior
Deltoid, Middle
Deltoid, Posterior
Infraspinatus
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Major
Supraspinatus
Teres Major
Teres Minor

Section V
SHOULDER GIRDLE

Levator Scapulae
Pectoralis Minor
Rhomboideus Major
Rhomboideus Minor
Serratus Anterior

Section VI
FOOT

Abductor Digiti Quinti
Abductor Hallucis
Adductor Hallucis
Extensor Digitorum Brevis and Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Flexor Digiti Quinti Brevis
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Interossei
Quadratus Plantae (Flexor Digitorum Accessorius)

Section VII
LEG

Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Gastrocnemius: Lateral Head
Gastrocnemius: Medial Head
Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Tertius
Popliteus .
Soleus
Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis Posterior

Section VIII
THIGH

Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus
Biceps Femoris: Long Head
Biceps Femoris: Short Head
Gracilis
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Rectus Femoris
Sartorius
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Tensor Fascie Latae
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis

Section IX
PELVIS AND HIP JOINT

Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Obturator Internus and Gemelli
Piriformis
Quadratus Femoris

Section X
MUSCLES INNERVATED BY CRANIAL NERVES

Facial Nerve (Number 7)
Retro Auricular or Auricularis Posterior
Orbicularis Oculi
Dilator Naris
Orbicularis Oris
Occipitofrontalis
Hypoglossal Nerve (Number 12)
Tongue
Spinal Accessory (Number 11)
Sterno-Cleido-Mastoid (S.C.M.)
Trapezius, Lower
Trapezius, Middle
Trapezius, Upper
Trigeminal Nerve (Number 5)
A. Temporal Muscle
B. Masseter Muscle
Vagus Nerve (Number 10)
Cricothyroid
Vocalis or Thyroarytenoid .

Section XI
MUSCLES OF THE PERINEAL REGION

A. Sphincter Ani Externus (Rectal Sphincter)
B. Sphincter Urethrea (Urinary Sphincter)
Transversus Perineal Superficialis

Section XII
MUSCLES OF THE PARASPINAL REGION

Quadratus Lumborum
Paraspinals

Section XIII
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL

Rectus Abdominal
External Oblique

Section XIV
INTERCOSTAL AND DIAPHRAGM MUSCLES

Intercostals
Diaphragm
Appendix